Effect of organic additives on the mitigation of volatility of 1-nitro-3,3′-dinitroazetidine (TNAZ): Next generation powerful melt cast able high energy material

Talawar, M. B.; Singh, Alok; Naik, Nilesh H.; Polke, B. G.; Gore, G. M.; Asthana, S. N.; Gandhe, B.R.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.10.008

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…where, Eto is the minimum energy of the system, kcal/mol, which refers to the mobile phase and substances, Esu refers to the energy of the mobile phase while Eso means the energy of the substances , kcal/mol. [15][16][17] The calculated energy by equation 2 is listed in the following Table 7, it can be found in Table 7 that the interaction energy between acrolein and mobile phase in higher than acetone, which indicates the peak out time for acrolein would be later than acetone. [18][19] And the calculating results which are shown as Figure4-7 are in correspondence with that in Table 4.…”

Section: Molecular Interaction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of molecular simulation in mobile phase development of HPLC

Wang,

Yao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The selection of mobile phase is significant for the separation result of HPLC, for it may have influence on the quantitative analysis. During HPLC analysis, engineers usually use (water-acetonitrile) mobile phase system to separate aldehydes and ketones, however, the existence of acetone will affect the separation effect of other substances. The paper researches one new (water-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran) mobile phase system to separate aldehydes and ketones. By analyzing the standard curves and test results of unknown samples, the new mobile phase can meet the analyzing needs, also it can eliminate the influence of acetone in the analysis process. What’s more, the paper uses molecular simulation[1–3] (MS) to calculate the interactions between the mobile phase and the aldehydes and ketones, mean square displacement value (MSD) and radial distribution function value (RDF), and the separation phenomenon can be well explained. In this paper, MS technology is first proposed for the development of new mobile phase, which can predict new unknown mobile phase, improve the efficiency of method development, also it can benefit the accurate qualitative analysis and prediction of peak out behavior of unknown substances.

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Section: Molecular Interaction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of molecular simulation in mobile phase development of HPLC

Wang,

Yao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Nitroguanidine acts as an effective stabilizer in gun and rocket propellants [117] and is compatible with many other energetic materials including nitrate esters, ammonium perchlorate (AP) [47, 118], hydrazinium nitroformate [119], TNAZ [120], DINA [121], HMX, RDX, TNT, ADN, FOX‐7, FOX‐12 [46]). This behaviour can be attributed to both the mild basicity of NGu [1] as well as its ability to form strong hydrogen bonds stabilizing other covalent or ionic compounds [1].…”

Section: Gun Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insensitive High Explosives: V. Ballistic Properties and Vulnerability of Nitroguanidine Based Propellants

Koch¹

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This paper reviews the ballistic properties, stability and vulnerability of gun propellants, gas generators and rocket propellants containing nitroguanidine (NGu), CAS−No [556‐88‐7] as an energetic filler. Nitroguanidine and its formulations burn stable over a broad pressure regime extending from subatmospheric to high pressures (0.1 kPa–400 MPa). Its high nitrogen content (53.83 %) and oxygen balance (Ω=‐30.75 %) effects a high gas pressure in gun propellants combined with low explosion temperature and consequently low signature and reduced erosion. NGu is an effective stabilizer for a broad array of energetic materials encountered in gun and rocket propellants including AP, ADN, HMX, RDX, NGl and also materials with low thermal stability such as NC, HNF, TNAZ and ADN. Finally, the low vulnerability of NGu‐based propellant formulations makes them taylor made to serve insensitive munitions. This review covers 31 NGu‐based rocket and gas generating propellant formulations, 44 gun propellants, five of which contain guanylurea dinitramide, (GuDN, FOX‐12), CAS−No [217464‐38‐5] for comparison, four reference propellants containing neither of the aforementioned ingredients and six combustible cartridge case formulations based on NGu. In addition, the combustion properties of pure NGu, pure GUDN and NGu modified with 17 different catalysts are revised. The review contains 142 references from the public domain.

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“…It has been demonstrated that DNTF could form eutectic mixture with 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), TNT, 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) or 3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP) [24][25][26][27][28]. Whereas, TNAZ and PETN are also sensitive to external stimulus [29][30], resulting in limited safety improvement when they form eutectics with DNTF. It is worth noting that the detonation performance of TNT and DNAN is relatively poor [31][32], which causes a great loss in detonation energy of the eutectics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance and Insensitive DNTF‐DFTNAN Eutectic: Binary Phase Diagram and Characterization

xiao

Qian

Zheng

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In order to hunt for a high-energy and insensitive eutectic, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method was used to investigate the melting process of DNTF-DFTNAN co-molten mixtures with different compositions. Based on the experimental T-x phase diagram, the experimentally extrapolated molar ratio of DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic mixture is 30.1/69.9, which is consistent with the result from the H-x phase diagram, and the eutectic point is about 335.5 K, showing that the addition of DFTNAN can effectively reduce the melting temperature of DNTF. The FT-IR and XRD measurements of raw DNTF, raw DFTNAN and the DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic indicate that no chemical reaction occurred and the structure of crystal doesn't change during the preparation of the eutectic. The thermal decomposition temperatures at different heating rates and the apparent activation energy of eutectic are basically between DNTF and DFTNAN. The drop height (H 50 ) for the DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic increases by 27.4 cm (85.1%) compared with that of DNTF, and the detonation velocity decreases only by 0.5 km/s (5.5 %), implying that the DFTNAN can efficiently desensitize the DNTF explosive with a slight energy loss. In addition, the polynomial equations of mechanical sensitivity and detonation velocity with DNTF content were fitted to adjust the detonation performance and sensitivity of DNTF-DFTNAN co-molten mixture, which provides an opportunity to design DNTF-DFTNAN expected melt-cast explosives.

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Effect of organic additives on the mitigation of volatility of 1-nitro-3,3′-dinitroazetidine (TNAZ): Next generation powerful melt cast able high energy material

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Application of molecular simulation in mobile phase development of HPLC

Application of molecular simulation in mobile phase development of HPLC

Insensitive High Explosives: V. Ballistic Properties and Vulnerability of Nitroguanidine Based Propellants

High‐Performance and Insensitive DNTF‐DFTNAN Eutectic: Binary Phase Diagram and Characterization

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