Effect of organoclay structure on nylon 6 nanocomposite morphology and properties

Fornes, T. D.; Yoon, P. J.; Hunter, Dan; Keskkula, H.; Paul, Donald R

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00400-7

Cited by 611 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Many articles have been written on this topic, and interested readers are referred elsewhere for details [65][66][67]. One breakthrough in materials science came from the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Sumio Ijima in 1991.…”

Section: Surfactant and Latex Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Mohamed

Ardyani

Bakar

et al. 2016

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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Graphene is the newest member of the carbon family, and has revolutionized materials science especially in the field of polymer nanocomposites. However, agglomeration and uniform dispersion remains an Achilles" heel (even an elephant in the room), hampering the optimization of this material for practical applications. Chemical functionalization of graphene can overcome these hurdles but is often rather disruptive to the extended piconjugation, altering the desired physical and electronic properties. Employing surfactants as stabilizing agents in latex technology circumvents the need for chemical modification allowing for the formation of nanocomposites with retained graphene properties. This article reviews the recent progress in the use of surfactants and polymers to prepare graphene/polymer nanocomposites via latex technology. Of special interest here are surfactant structure-performance relationships, as well as background on the roles surfactantgraphene interactions for promoting stabilization.

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Section: Surfactant and Latex Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Mohamed

Ardyani

Bakar

et al. 2016

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The intercalated and exfoliated hybrids exhibit improved in strength and modulus, compared with neat polymer and conventional composites [11][12][13][14][16][17][18]. The enhanced properties of the composites can be achieved at a low clay loading level (e.g., less than 5.0 wt% addition of clay) [22]. At the 5 wt% clay loading, an approximately 70% increase in modulus and strength was observed for Nylon-clay systems, and both heat distortion temperature and impact strength also increased by more than 100% [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/clay/wood flour nanocomposites

Lee

Kang

Doh

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Nanocomposites with polypropylene/clay/wood flour were prepared by melt compounding. Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties were characterized. The addition of clay, compatibilizer and wood flour considerably improved the thermal stability (i.e., decomposition and melting temperatures) of the hybrids. The tensile modulus and strength of most hybrids were highly increased with the increased loading of clay, MAPP and wood flour, compared to the hybrids without wood flour. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns showed the increased d-spacing of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between PP and clay with the addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photomicrographs illustrated the intercalated and partially exfoliated structures of the hybrids with clay, MAPP and wood flour.

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“…The key to such performance is related to the ability of exfoliate and disperse individual particles and the high-aspect ratio silicate platelets within the polymer matrix. Recent studies have explored exfoliated structures from organoclays in a wide range of polymer matrices using different processing routes 5 . To date, well-exfoliated composites have been achieved only with a selected number of polymers, for instance, nylon 6, polystyrene, polyimide and epoxies 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these, nylon 6 is particularly unique since exfoliated nanocomposites have been formed by more than one processing technique. The technique of melt processing is particularly attractive due to its versatility and compatibility with existing processing used in the industry for commercial applications 5 . The aim of this work was to obtain polyamide 6 nanocomposites with montmorillonite clay (untreated) and treated with three different quaternary ammonium salts (Dodigen, Genamin and Cetremide) excess salt, dried at 60 °C for 48 hours, and finally, passed in a sieve 200 mesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/Brazilian clay nanocomposites

et al. 2009

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and also to evaluate the structure and mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposites. Experimental MaterialsPolyamide 6 (PA6) was supplied by Rhodia ® /Brazil. The used pristine clay was Na-Montmorillonite clay (MMT, Boa Vista/Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil) supplied by Bentonit União Nordeste with a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 90 meq.100 g -1 and the interlayer spacing (d 001 ) obtained by XRD was 12.74 Å. MMT was dried at 60 °C for 48 hours prior to use. The used quaternary ammonium salts for the modification of MMT were: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (Dodigen), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Genamin), industrial grades supplied by Clariant/Brazil and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetremide), industrial grade from Vetec/Brazil. These salts were used as received according to the literature [7][8][9][10] . Preparation of organoclayThe preparation of the organophilic montmorillonite with Dodigen and Genamin salts was similar: The Na-MMT was mixed in distilled water with stirring to form a uniformly dispersed suspension. The suspension was stirred for 20 minutes after all the clay has been added. And then, the salt equivalent to 1:1 CEC of Na-MMT was added into the dispersion. The mixture was stirred for more 20 minutes. After 24 hours, the mixture of montmorillonite and the salt were washed with distilled water for several times to remove IntroductionPolymer clay nanocomposites are a new class of materials that show improved properties at very low concentration of clay compared with conventional filler composites 1 . Polymer composites have been attracted considerable interest as they offer unusual combinations of physical, thermal, mechanical and other properties that are difficult to obtain from pure polymers. Polymer nanocomposites can be differentiated from traditional polymer composites by the size of the filler. Usually, the particle size of the dispersed phase in the nanocomposites should have at least one dimension in nanometer 2 . Because of the nanoscale features of the filler, nanocomposites possess superior properties over their more conventional microcomposites. These properties can be accomplished at very low concentration of clay (a few %) incorporated in these nanocomposites 3,4 . The key to such performance is related to the ability of exfoliate and disperse individual particles and the high-aspect ratio silicate platelets within the polymer matrix. Recent studies have explored exfoliated structures from organoclays in a wide range of polymer matrices using different processing routes 5 . To date, well-exfoliated composites have been achieved only with a selected number of polymers, for instance, nylon 6, polystyrene, polyimide and epoxies 6 . From these, nylon 6 is particularly unique since exfoliated nanocomposites have been formed by more than one processing technique. The technique of melt processing is particularly attractive due to its versatility and compatibility with existing processing used in the industry for commercial applications 5 . The aim of this wor...

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Effect of organoclay structure on nylon 6 nanocomposite morphology and properties

Cited by 611 publications

References 27 publications

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Graphene-philic surfactants for nanocomposites in latex technology

Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/clay/wood flour nanocomposites

Structure and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/Brazilian clay nanocomposites

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