Effect of Organophosphorus on Biochemical Parameters on Agricultural Workers of Mango Orchards

Haque, Quazi S.; Jamal, Farrukh; Rastogi, Shivani

doi:10.3923/ajb.2012.37.45

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The primary occupation of rural population is agriculture in which diverse groups of agrochemicals is indiscriminately sprayed by the farmers for managing pests and enhancing the yield of food crops. These agrochemicals are popularly known as pesticides that broadly classified in to organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamates (CBs), and pyrethroids (Haque et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: The influence of organophosphate and carbamate on sperm chromatin and reproductive hormones among pesticide sprayers

et al. 2015

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This study is aimed at evaluating the association between occupational exposure to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides and semen quality as well as levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones of pesticide sprayers in Malihabad, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Thirty-five healthy men (unexposed group) and 64 male pesticide sprayers (exposed group) were recruited for clinical evaluation of fertility status. Fresh semen samples were evaluated for sperm quality and analyzed for DNA fragmentation index (DFI) by flow cytometry. Pesticide exposure was assessed by measuring erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with a Test-mate ChE field kit. Serum levels of total testosterone (Tt), prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) were analyzed using enzyme immunoassay kits. Evidence of pesticide exposure was found in 88.5% of sprayers and significant increments were observed in sperm DFI with significant decrease in some semen parameters. DFI was negatively correlated with BuChE, sperm concentration, morphology, and vitality in these pesticide sprayers. The levels of Tt, PRL, FT4, and TSH appeared to be normal; however, there was a tendency for increased LH and FSH levels in exposed workers. The results confirm the potential impact of chronic occupational exposure to OP and CB pesticides on male reproductive function, which may cause damage to sperm chromatin, decrease semen quality, and produce alterations in reproductive hormones, leading to adverse reproductive health outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: The influence of organophosphate and carbamate on sperm chromatin and reproductive hormones among pesticide sprayers

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organophosphates poisoning account for a high percentage of reported toxicities from chemical exposure around the world, posing growing threats to public health, and with more concerns as they are continuously deposited in water bodies and the biomes [36,37]. Toxicities from these substances are primarily linked to the irreversible inhibition effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the blood and the nervous systems, thus having the ability to affect general body functions and personality-related functions [8,9,36,37,38]. In the present study, sub-chronic oral exposures to the two most commonly used broad spectrum OPs worldwide (individually and in combination) were sufficient to markedly deplete the levels of AChE in the hippocampus and the amygdala, in a pattern relative to what we recently found with CPF-only exposure on the amygdala, and with the dichlorvos in discrete brain regions, including the cerebellum, hippocampus, frontal cortex, medulla, spinal cord, and occipital cortex [9,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats

Imam

Sulaiman

Oyewole

et al. 2018

Toxics

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The execution of agricultural activities on an industrial scale has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates, in the biome. This has led to intoxication characterized by deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to a combination of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP), on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150–170 g) were randomly divided into four groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg), CPF (14.9 mg/kg), and DDVP + CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposure, anxiety-like behavior and amygdala-dependent fear learning were assessed using open field and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following three training trials on days 11, 12, and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, with the hippocampus and amygdala removed. Five of these samples were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three were processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative markers (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p ≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p ≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damage are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organophosphates poisoning account for a high percentage of reported toxicities from chemical exposure around the world, posing growing threats to public health, and with more concerns as they are continuously deposited in water bodies and the biomes [30,31]. Toxicities from these substances are primarily linked to the irreversible inhibition effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the blood and the nervous systems, thus having the ability to affect general body functions and personality related functions [8,9,[30][31][32]. In the present study sub chronic oral exposures to two most commonly used broad spectrum OPs worldwide, separately, and in combination was sufficient to markedly deplete the levels of AChE in the hippocampus and the amygdala, in a pattern relative to what we recently found with CPF only exposure on the amygdala, and with the dichlorvos in discrete brain regions, including the cerebellum, hippocampus, frontal cortex, medulla, spinal cord and occipital cortex [9,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats

Imam¹,

Sulaiman²,

Oyewole³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The mechanization of agricultural activities has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates in the biomes, and this has led to intoxication characterized with deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP) on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150 – 170g) were randomly divided into 4 groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8mg/kg), CPF (14.9mg/kg) and DDVP+CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposures, anxiety-like behaviors and amygdala dependent fear learning were assessed using Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze paradigms respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following 3 training trials each on days 11, 12 and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, hippocampus and amygdala removed, 5 of which were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric  oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative marker (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damages are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning.

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Effect of Organophosphorus on Biochemical Parameters on Agricultural Workers of Mango Orchards

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

RETRACTED: The influence of organophosphate and carbamate on sperm chromatin and reproductive hormones among pesticide sprayers

RETRACTED: The influence of organophosphate and carbamate on sperm chromatin and reproductive hormones among pesticide sprayers

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats

Chlorpyrifos- and Dichorfos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Wild-Type Rats

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