Effect of Oxide Composition on Solidification Structure of Ti Added Ferritic Stainless Steel

Precipitation Behavior of Primary Precipitates in Ti-microalloyed H13 Tool Steel

“…[6][7][8] The selection and control of particle size is important to the utilization efficiency of titanium. However, large precipitates can be always found in the Ti-containing steels.…”

Thermodynamics of TiN Formation in Fe-Cr Melts

“…The validity of thermodynamic parameters determined in the present study was examined by constructing the stability diagram of TiN for Fe-Cr melts and by observing the formation of primary and secondary TiN inclusions at controlled titanium and nitrogen contents in the melt. DG°1ϭ375 402Ϫ172.89T J 7,8) where K 1 is the equilibrium constant for Reaction (1), and f Ti is the activity of titanium relative to 1 mass% standard state in liquid iron and f Ti is the activity coefficient of titanium. P N 2 is the nitrogen partial pressure in the gas phase.…”

“…Recently, the formation of titanium nitride as a secondary inclusion precipitated during solidification is of great interest because it is known to help the formation of equi-axed cast structure. 1) On the other hand, titanium nitride formed in liquid steel can agglomerate and cause a nozzle clogging problem during continuous casting, and surface defects in final products.…”

Present Status of and Future Prospects for Precipitation Research in the Steel Industry.

“…42) In extralow-carbon ferritic stainless steels, Ti is added in an weight amount at least 10 times as much as the sum of C and N to maintain the corrosion resistance at welded parts because a rapid precipitation of titanium carbonitrides during cooling after welding avoids the formation of chromium carbonitrides and, as a consequence, the formation of a Cr depleted zone is suppressed. If titanium carbonitrides finely precipitate in hot rolling processes, they retard the recrystallization of hot bands.…”