Effect of oxygen availability on nitrogen fixation by two Lotus species under flooded conditions

James, E. K.; Crawford, R. M. M.

doi:10.1093/jxb/49.320.599

Cited by 49 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On the other hand, nodulation of L. corniculatus was considerably less than that of L. uliginosus from both treatments, and the nodules senesced prematurely, particularly when grown in deoxygenated water. James & Crawford (1998) concluded that, unlike L. corniculatus, L. uliginosus could maintain a more than adequate air supply to the N # -fixing tissue in the nodules when they were grown in deoxygenated water. It was suggested that this supply of air to the submerged L. uliginosus nodules was maintained via an extensive network of aerating tissue and\or lenticels that covered stems, roots and nodules.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, compared with plants grown in aerated water, intercellular ' air ' spaces in the cortices of the nodules from plants grown in deoxygenated water were less occluded by the glycoprotein recognized by the monoclonal antibody, MAC265. However, the plants studied by James & Crawford (1998) were germinated and nodulated before the flooding treatments and were actually 70-d-old before flooding began. This means that, at least in the early stages of the flooding treatments (i.e.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that, at least in the early stages of the flooding treatments (i.e. before the nodules senesced), James & Crawford (1998) were, in part, observing the properties of nodules already established on the plants rather than those of new nodules formed under flooding. Therefore, in this study on flooding tolerance in L. uliginosus, rather than pre-nodulating the plants before the flooding treatment, we attempted to establish an N # -fixing symbiosis in plants that were flooded from the time of germination.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence or absence of nitrogenase within individual nodules was confirmed by immunogold labelling using a polyclonal antibody raised against nitrogenase component II from Rhodospirillum rubrum (a kind gift from Dr P. W. Ludden, Madison, WI, USA). This antibody was used in previous studies to establish the presence of nitrogenase within legume nodules (James et al, 1996(James et al, , 1997James & Crawford, 1998).…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of N₂‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

James

Sprent

1999

New Phytologist

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Seeds of the wetland legume, Lotus uliginosus, were germinated and grown in vermiculite which was either continuously flooded or well-drained. Plants from both treatments were infected by Mesorhizobium loti strain DUS341 via a ' classical ' root hair pathway, although some flooded plants appeared to be infected via enlarged epidermal cells. Subsequent to infection by M. loti, nodule meristems, which had developed within the root outer cortex, were penetrated by infection threads that released bacteria into the meristematic cells. The infection threads and infection droplets were immunogold labelled with monoclonal antibodies (MAC265 and MAC236) that recognize epitopes (at approx. 155\170 and 170\210 kDa, respectively) on a glycoprotein component of the matrix that surrounded the bacteria within the threads or droplets. Although labelling of infection threads or infection droplets with MAC236 was stronger than that with MAC265, both antibodies strongly labelled material occluding intercellular spaces in the cortices of developing nodules that had not yet expressed nitrogenase (as determined by a lack of signal after immunogold labelling with an antibody raised against nitrogenase component II). After 60 d, nitrogenase activity, shoot and root dry weights, and nodule fresh weight per plant did not differ between the treatments. After a further 30 d submergence, the flooded stems developed extensive aerenchyma and there was profuse development of (nodulated) adventitious roots. Nodules also formed at the junction of adventitious roots and the subtending stem and these were connected vascularly to a small stalk of tissue which gave rise to both a nodule and an adventitious root. The flooded nodules had prominent lenticels, and possible air pathways from the atmosphere to the nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are discussed.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of N₂‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

James

Sprent

1999

New Phytologist

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“…Roots were checked for the presence or absence of nodules for up to 56 days post-inoculation. Nitrogen-fixation assays (acetylene reduction assays) were carried out on plants 28 days post-inoculation according to the method of James & Crawford (1998). Histology of any nodules formed was studied using the methods described by Chen et al (2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids is essential for effective symbioses between betarhizobia and Mimosa pudica

et al. 2012

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ROCBurkholderia phymatum STM815 and Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG19424 are betaproteobacterial strains that can effectively nodulate several species of the large legume genus Mimosa. A Tn5 mutant, derived from B. phymatum STM815 (KM60), and another derived from C. taiwanensis LMG19424 (KM184-55) induced Fix " nodules on Mimosa pudica. The Tn5-interrupted genes of the mutants showed strong homologies to ilvE, which encodes a branchedchain amino acid aminotransferase, and leuC, which encodes the large subunit of isopropylmalate isomerase. Both enzymes are known to be involved in the biosynthetic pathways for branchedchain amino acids (BCAAs) (leucine, valine and isoleucine). The B. phymatum ilvE mutant, KM60, was not auxotrophic for BCAAs and could grow well on minimal medium with pyruvate as a carbon source and ammonia as a nitrogen source. However, it grew less efficiently than the wildtype (WT) strain when ammonia was substituted with valine or isoleucine as a nitrogen source. The BCAA aminotransferase activity of KM60 was significantly reduced relative to the WT strain, especially with isoleucine and valine as amino group donors. The C. taiwanensis leuC mutant, KM184-55, could not grow on a minimal medium with pyruvate as a carbon source and ammonia as a nitrogen source, but its growth was restored when leucine was added to the medium. The isopropylmalate isomerase activity of KM184-55 was completely lost compared with the WT strain. Both mutants recovered their respective enzyme activities after complementation with the WT ilvE or leuC genes and were subsequently able to grow as well as their parental strains on minimal medium. They were also able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on M. pudica. We conclude that the biosynthesis of BCAAs is essential for the free-living growth of betarhizobia, as well as for their ability to form effective symbioses with their host plant.

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Oxygen Diffusion, Production Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species, And Antioxidants In Legume Nodules

Minchin¹,

James

Becana

Nitrogen-Fixing Leguminous Symbioses

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Effect of oxygen availability on nitrogen fixation by two Lotus species under flooded conditions

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Development of N₂‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

Development of N₂‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids is essential for effective symbioses between betarhizobia and Mimosa pudica

Oxygen Diffusion, Production Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species, And Antioxidants In Legume Nodules

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Effect of oxygen availability on nitrogen fixation by two Lotus species under flooded conditions

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Development of N2‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

Development of N2‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids is essential for effective symbioses between betarhizobia and Mimosa pudica

Oxygen Diffusion, Production Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species, And Antioxidants In Legume Nodules

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Development of N₂‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding

Development of N₂‐fixing nodules on the wetland legume Lotus uliginosus exposed to conditions of flooding