Effect of Oxygen Levels in Tent Shielding Atmosphere on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Zhou, Siyu; Zhang, Jianfei; Wang, Jiayin; Yang, Guang; Wu, Ke; Qin, Lanyun

doi:10.1007/s11665-022-06684-w

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The increasing values of the oxygen content in the build chamber led to the discoloration of the surfaces. This observation is consistent with Zhou et al [31] and Martina et al [8]. A longer exposure time at elevated temperatures of Ti-6Al-4V material in the atmosphere was also investigated by Zabler [32].…”

Section: Determining Limitations For the Oxygen Contentsupporting

confidence: 86%

Approach towards a Quality Assurance System for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2023

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Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Ti-6Al-4V is becoming increasingly important in the aerospace industry for the production of large parts. Due to the high welding requirements of the material, high quality demands are placed on the process. To meet these high demands, quality assurance measures are applied to maintain mechanical and geometrical part properties. First, the interlayer temperatures that are applied influence the final geometry. The part must meet geometric accuracies in order to be machined after the WAAM process. Second, Ti-6Al-4V materials have a high affinity to absorb oxygen from the environment at elevated temperatures. This oxygen uptake results in a discoloration of the surface and an embrittlement of the material. Therefore, a defined and monitored oxygen content in the build chamber is crucial. This work presents an approach to determine limitations for the interlayer temperature of the part and the oxygen content in the build chamber. The influence of a temperature deviating from the set interlayer temperature on the layer width was analyzed. By varying the interlayer temperature, the layer width varied by up to 3 mm. It was shown that different restrictions for the oxygen content in the build chamber apply depending on the part size.

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Section: Determining Limitations For the Oxygen Contentsupporting

confidence: 86%

Approach towards a Quality Assurance System for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2023

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“…[8,9] WAAM has a much higher deposition rate (several kg h À1 ), higher material utilization (approaching 100%), and lower cost. [9][10][11][12] Typically, the cost of WAAM is an order of magnitude lower than laser direct energy deposition or LPBF. [13] Unfortunately, the high heat input is a significant issue in WAAM, and the higher heat preservation leads to the width of prior-β grains in Ti-6Al-4V increasing to several centimeters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8,9 ] WAAM has a much higher deposition rate (several kg h −1 ), higher material utilization (approaching 100%), and lower cost. [ 9–12 ] Typically, the cost of WAAM is an order of magnitude lower than laser direct energy deposition or LPBF. [ 13 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Interlayer‐Compressed Argon Gas Active Cooling on Microstructure and Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Fabricated by WAAM

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) has been widely used due to its advantages of high processing freedom, low cost and high efficiency. However, one of the most relevant unsolved problems in WAAM is the heat accumulation caused by high heat input. In this study, the compressed argon‐based interlayer AC (Active Cooling) process is employed to reduce heat accumulation, and the influence mechanism on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti‐6Al‐4V samples were revealed. The results show that the introduction of interlayer AC leads to the interlayer temperature decreases from 468 °C to 53 °C, and the widths of prior‐β columnar grains and αGB are refined. The increase of cooling rate (380 °C/s → 604 °C/s) results in the transformation of large‐sized colonies into finer basketweave structure, accompanied by the production of martensite α’ and a slight increase of β phase content. The finer basketweave structure increase the strength of the samples, while the narrower αGB and the high‐angle grain boundaries increase the resistance of crack propagation. The high dislocation density caused by the faster cooling rate increases the plastic deformation of the AC samples to a certain extent. As a result, the interlayer AC improves the strength and plasticity of the samples simultaneously, the samples change from brittle and ductile mixed fracture to ductile fracture mode.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…The creation of an oxygen-enriched outer layer known as the -case as a result of oxygen diffusion is difficult to manage. In order to weld titanium alloys, several fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, and laser beam welding are employed [23][24][25][26]. However, the most effective joining method known is the fiber laser welding method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion behavior of fiber laser welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods with different pH and temperature in 0.9 wt% NaCl medium

Yontar,

Çevik

2023

Res. Eng. Struct. Mat.

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The corrosion resistance of laser welded samples was carried out in a shaken incubator in body-simulated liquid environments and kept at pH3-5 and 25-50˚C conditions for 24 hours. It was determined that acicular α' martensite structures were formed in the fusion regions and these structures increased the hardness of the alloy by 20% compared to the base metal. The welded samples had the highest tensile strength of 144 MPa. Weight changes after the corrosion test were calculated and the highest weight loss was found to be 0.0025 g for the sample with an initial weight of 4.1394 g. TiO2 oxides and {1 0 0} and {1 1 1} chamber-shaped salt crystals were formed larger and more intensely in the fusion zones than the base metal. Dental metallic implant welding with fiber laser will have higher corrosion resistance in oral use with different temperature and pH environments compared to screw joints.

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Effect of Oxygen Levels in Tent Shielding Atmosphere on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Approach towards a Quality Assurance System for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

Approach towards a Quality Assurance System for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

Effect of Interlayer‐Compressed Argon Gas Active Cooling on Microstructure and Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Fabricated by WAAM

Corrosion behavior of fiber laser welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods with different pH and temperature in 0.9 wt% NaCl medium

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