Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the electrochemical performance of the rayon and polyacrylonitrile based carbon felt for the vanadium redox flow battery application

Dixon, Ditty; Babu, Deepu J.; Langner, Joachim; Bruns, Michael; Pfaffmann, Lukas; Bhaskar, Aiswarya; Schneider, Jörg J.; Scheiba, Frieder; Ehrenberg, Helmut

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.070

Cited by 127 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Again, a non‐favorable effect of surface activation for the positive redox couple can be seen when comparing the corresponding j 0 CSA values which also correlate with the degree of graphitization but decrease for the surface‐treated types (Figure b). The latter two conclusions are supported by similar observations made on plasma‐treated felts where the treatment only increases the hydrophilic groups without altering the surface area …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The most common procedure used in practice, however, is the surface oxidation treatment of the felts (mostly by baking in air at 400–700 °C), which is performed in order to produce surface functional groups which facilitate the wetting of the fibers and which are also assumed to promote faster charge‐transfer kinetics of redox species . Modifications based on wet‐chemical etching, mixed gas treatment, steam, plasma or gamma rays have also been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steady‐State Measurements of Vanadium Redox‐Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

2017

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Carbon felts based on rayon and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors constitute the most widespread porous electrode material for vanadium redox‐flow batteries. Since the raw materials exhibit rather poor wettability, it has become common practice to apply oxidative surface treatments prior to use in flow batteries. This study investigates the electrode‐specific effects of raw and thermally oxidized (PAN and rayon‐based) carbon felts on their electrochemical behavior at the negative and the positive electrode in all vanadium redox‐flow batteries. By means of steady‐state single cell measurements, it is verified that oxidative surface treatment has opposite effects on negative and positive redox couples and that the beneficial influence on the vanadium redox‐flow battery performance is mainly brought about by substantially improved charge‐transfer kinetics at the negative electrode. Similarly, the type of carbon precursor and the degree of graphitic character have a particular impact on the electrode behavior.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady‐State Measurements of Vanadium Redox‐Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

2017

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“…From the enhanced cell performance, it can be concluded that anchoring of AC on the graphite felt improved the bromine reversibility. The enhancement in the bromine reversibility is due to the intertwine behavior of bio‐mass derived AC which provides large number of electrochemical active sites in the form of hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups which is well supported from the FTIR studies …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Activated Carbon‐Anchored 3D Carbon Network for Bromine Activity and its Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Zn−Br₂ Hybrid Redox Flow Battery

et al. 2019

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There has been a huge demand on the usage of biomass‐derived activated carbon as an electrode and electrocatalyst for energy storage and conversion applications owing to its abundance, high surface area, good chemical stability, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. Herein, we report for the first time, activated carbon (AC) derived from Phyllanthus Emblica Leaves (PEL) (Indian gooseberry) biomass as an electrocatalyst for enhancing the bromine electro‐kinetics. The AC‐anchored graphite felt (AC−GF) showed excellent improvement in the bromine reversibility, which reinforces the overall performance of the zinc bromine redox flow battery (ZBRFB). Specifically, the AC−GF showed significant improvement in voltage efficiency. The flow cell employing AC in the positive electrode showed high Coulombic, voltage, and energy efficiency of 99, 83 and 82 %, respectively at a current density of 30 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the cell showed good cycle performance with 96.43 % Coulombic efficiency retention even after 100 cycles. Thus, the significant improvement in the cell performance unveils the good electrochemical/catalytic activity of the AC and therefore can be used as a potential low‐cost electrocatalyst in ZBRFB.

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“…The graphitization degree of the electrodes may be preferably ascertained by Raman spectroscopy, as revealed by Figure . In Figure , two characteristic peaks in the Raman spectra of samples are presented: (a) the D peak at approximately 1350 cm −1 is derived from the vibration of the sp 3 hybrid bond at the disordered grain boundary or other structural defects in the felt; (b) the G peak at approximately 1580 cm −1 is caused by the stretching vibration of the sp 2 hybrid bond of the adjacent carbon atoms in the plane of the carbon network in the felt . Therefore, the relative intensity ratio of the D and G peaks ( I D / I G ) is often used to determine the graphitization degree of the felt electrode and the integrity of the crystal structure (see Scheme ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite felt and carbon felt for iron‐chromium redox flow battery

et al. 2020

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Summary In this paper, polyacrylonitrile‐based graphite felt (GF), carbon felt (CF) and the effect of thermal activation on them with or without the catalyst (BiCl3) are comprehensively investigated for iron‐chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) application. The physical‐chemical parameters of GF and CF after the thermal activation is affected significantly by their graphitization degree, oxygen functional groups, and surface area. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results manifest that GF and CF before and after the thermal activation have different electrocatalytic activities owing to oxygen functional groups number increase and the graphitization degree decrease. In terms of the capacity decay rate, as oxygen functional groups provide shorter electrocatalytic pathways than bismuth ions, the performance of GF and CF after the thermal activation is more ideal. As a result, GF before and after the thermal activation exhibits higher efficiency (EE: 86%) and better stability at a charge‐discharge current density of 60 mA·cm−2 than those of CF during charge‐discharge cycling, as the dominant limitation in an ICRFB is ohmic and activation polarization. Therefore, GF after thermal activation together with the addition of BiCl3 in the electrolyte is a more promising electrode material for ICRFBs application than CF.

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Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the electrochemical performance of the rayon and polyacrylonitrile based carbon felt for the vanadium redox flow battery application

Cited by 127 publications

References 28 publications

Steady‐State Measurements of Vanadium Redox‐Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

Steady‐State Measurements of Vanadium Redox‐Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

Activated Carbon‐Anchored 3D Carbon Network for Bromine Activity and its Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Zn−Br₂ Hybrid Redox Flow Battery

Investigations on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite felt and carbon felt for iron‐chromium redox flow battery

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Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the electrochemical performance of the rayon and polyacrylonitrile based carbon felt for the vanadium redox flow battery application

Cited by 127 publications

References 28 publications

Steady‐State Measurements of Vanadium Redox‐Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

Steady‐State Measurements of Vanadium Redox‐Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

Activated Carbon‐Anchored 3D Carbon Network for Bromine Activity and its Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Zn−Br2 Hybrid Redox Flow Battery

Investigations on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite felt and carbon felt for iron‐chromium redox flow battery

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Activated Carbon‐Anchored 3D Carbon Network for Bromine Activity and its Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Zn−Br₂ Hybrid Redox Flow Battery