Effect of Ozone on the Yield and Plant Biomass of a Commercial Variety of Tomato

Oshima, R. J.; Taylor, O. C.; Braegelmann, P. K.; Baldwin, D. W.

doi:10.2134/jeq1975.00472425000400040008x

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Our meta‐analysis and other literature suggests that an increase in flower abortion at elevated [O 3 ] may be dose‐dependent and/or species dependent. For example, flower number was decreased in carnation (Feder & Campbell, ; Feder, ), Lemna perpusilla (Feder & Sullivan, 1969b), Brassica napus (Black et al ., ), Citrillus lanatus and Cucumis melo (Fernandez‐Bayon et al ., ) under elevated [O 3 ], whereas studies done on Lycopersicon esculentum (Oshima et al ., ), Plantago major (Reiling & Davison, ), Phaseolus vulgaris (Kohut et al ., ) and Prunus salicina (Retzlaff et al ., ) all reported an increase in flower number under elevated [O 3 ]. Certainly, more studies of the effects of elevated [O 3 ] on flower initiation and abortion are needed to understand the mechanisms by which O 3 alters flower development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the effects of ozone on plant reproductive growth and development

Leisner

Ainsworth

2011

Global Change Biology

125

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Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) is a harmful air pollutant that can negatively impact plant growth and development. Current O 3 concentrations ([O 3 ]) decrease forest productivity and crop yields and future [O 3 ] will likely increase if current emission rates continue. However, the specific effects of elevated [O 3 ] on reproductive development, a critical stage in the plant's lifecycle, have not been quantitatively reviewed. Data from 128 peer-reviewed articles published from 1968 to 2010 describing the effects of O 3 on reproductive growth and development were analysed using metaanalytic techniques. Studies were categorized based on experimental conditions, photosynthetic type, lifecycle, growth habit and flowering class. Current ambient [O 3 ] significantly decreased seed number (À16%), fruit number (À9%) and fruit weight (À22%) compared to charcoal-filtered air. In addition, pollen germination and tube growth were decreased by elevated [O 3 ] compared to charcoal-filtered air. Relative to ambient air, fumigation with [O 3 ] between 70 and 100 ppb decreased yield by 27% and individual seed weight by 18%. Reproductive development of both C 3 and C 4 plants was sensitive to elevated [O 3 ], and lifecycle, flowering class and reproductive growth habit did not significantly affect a plant's response to elevated [O 3 ] for many components of reproductive development. However, elevated [O 3 ] decreased fruit weight and fruit number significantly in indeterminate plants, and had no effect on these parameters in determinate plants. While gaps in knowledge remain about the effects of O 3 on plants with different growth habits, reproductive strategies and photosynthetic types, the evidence strongly suggests that detrimental effects of O 3 on reproductive growth and development are compromising current crop yields and the fitness of native plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the effects of ozone on plant reproductive growth and development

Leisner

Ainsworth

2011

Global Change Biology

125

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“…Plants exposed to O 3 at flowering had a significant linear decrease (P < 0.01) in fruit fresh weight with increasing O 3 , while the response for the vegetative stage plants was not significant. Oshima et al (1975) found no significant difference in number of fruits between tomato plants receiving 0.00 or 0.20 µl O 3 /liter for a total of 97 hr during the growth period. However, 0.35 µl O 3 /liter for the same duration led to a reduction in the number of fruits per plant.…”

Section: Experiments Were Conducted In 1985 Andmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Their findings and ours suggest that there may be a tolerance level that must be exceeded before the number of tomato fruit is reduced. Reduction in tomato fruit fresh weight caused by O 3 is well-documented (MacLean and Schneider, 1976;Oshima et al, 1975;Oshima et al, 1977b), but information is limited on tomato response to O 3 in terms of fresh fruit yield after exposure to O 3 at different developmental stages. Plants exposed to O 3 up to 84 days after transplanting showed no yield effect, but at ages greater than this a cumulative yield decline was obtained (MacLean and Schneider, 1976).…”

Section: Experiments Were Conducted In 1985 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Tomato Plants from Ozone Injury

Tenga¹,

Marie²,

Ormrod³

1990

HortSci

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Field experiments in open-top chambers were conducted to study the recovery of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. New Yorker) plants from ozone (O3) injury. Plants were pot-cultured and exposed for 7 hours per day for 4 days at a vegetative or flowering stage to charcoal-filtered air, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.18, or 0.24 μl O3/liter. Half of the plants were harvested 2 or 3 days after the O3 exposure; the remaining plants were held in open-top field chambers in filtered air and harvested after the appearance `of the first red fruit. Ozone exposure at either growth stage resulted in visible foliar injury and decreased leaf area of plants harvested 2 or 3 days after exposure. In spite of extensive foliar injury after O3 exposure at the vegetative stage, there was no significant decrease in fruit yield or change in fruit quality at the final harvest. In contrast, exposure of plants to O3 at flowering progressively reduced fresh weight of fruit and, to a lesser degree, its concentration of titratable acidity.

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“…There is no evidence that microsporophytic development is hampered by the presence in the atmosphere of a pollutant like ozone, but there is good evidence that at high levels of ozone, pollen germination is inhibited or prevented, and at lower ozone concentrations pollen tube elongation is markedly inhibited (52,53). These data coupled with other data (54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) relating to the depression of fruit yield in many commercial crop plants after exposure to ozone, sulfur dioxide or hydrogen fluoride would appear to implicate the plant reproductive system as a possible target for pollutants. The effects of pollutants on plant growth and development coupled with their effect on plant reproductive system would seem to be best reflected in yield, measured in terms of fruit set, fruit numbers, and fruit size.…”

Section: Pollutant-incited Injurymentioning

confidence: 83%

Plants as Bioassay Systems for Monitoring Atmospheric Pollutants

Feder¹

1978

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Plant species act as natural bioindicators of atmospheric pollutants. Plants can be used as bioassay systems for monitoring atmospheric pollutants. Plant injury symptoms, altered growth and reproductive pattern, changes in yield and/or productivity, and changes in species distribution can be used singly or in combination as monitoring devices. The results must be accepted as semiquantitative, but within that constraint, air quality can be sufficiently well defined to enable the setting of air quality standards. Genetic variability of higher plant species has yielded cultivars which display a range of tolerance to gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants. Asexual propagation of these cultivars provides pollutant-sensitive and pollutant-tolerant plant material which can be grown on selected sites for observation. Gymnosperm and Angiosperm species as well as species of lichens and mosses have been used to establish field monitoring networks in Europe, Canada, and the United States. White pine, shade tobacco, mosses, and lichens have proven particularly useful as bioassay tools. Pollen from pollutant-sensitive and pollutant-tolerant plant cultivars has also been used as a sensitive laboratory bioassay tool-for studying air quality. Epiphytic mosses are particularly efficient as monitors of particulate pollutants, especially heavy metals, some of which may act as chemical mutagens. The cost, complexity, and lack of reliablity of instrumented systems for air quality monitoring make imperative the need to develop successful plant bioassay systems for monitoring air quality.Green plants have been used as air pollution indicators for many years. (1-6). An indicator plant is one which exhibits symptomotology when exposed to phytotoxic concentrations of a pollutant or pollutant mixture. Colored pictures illustrating injury symptoms caused by various gaseous pollutants have been shown in three atlases (7-9).Green plants can also act as indicators of air pollution by accumulating the pollutant or some detectable metabolic product of the pollutant in their tissues. Gaseous air pollutants such as hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be detected in plant tissues after exposure to fluoride-contaminated air or soils (10, 11). Sulfates in leaves after exposure of plants to SO2 have been detected by several workers (12-16).Particulate pollution, dusts, and aerosols containing heavy metals and the like can be detected by deposition on leafy structure of green plants, though this deposition may not cause any visible symptomotology. Here the plant acts as a collector and perhaps as an indicator of the presence of the pollutant(J 7-23).

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Effect of Ozone on the Yield and Plant Biomass of a Commercial Variety of Tomato

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying the effects of ozone on plant reproductive growth and development

Quantifying the effects of ozone on plant reproductive growth and development

Recovery of Tomato Plants from Ozone Injury

Plants as Bioassay Systems for Monitoring Atmospheric Pollutants

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