“…Therefore, there is a need to employ a method that is effective, less costly, and environmentally friendly. Oxidative processes such as photocatalysis, the Fenton method, photolysis, sonolysis, sonocatalysis, sonoFenton, photo-Fenton, and ozonolysis 5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] have recently been explored. Among these, photocatalysis, which depends on in-situ photogenerated positively charged holes (h + ), hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), negatively charged electrons (e−), superoxide radicals ( • O 2 − ) has been demonstrated to be promising in terms of cost, toxicity, recyclability, mild reaction conditions, ease of operation, efficiency, and high degradation ability [18][19][20][21][22][23] .…”