Effect of Parent Involvement and Parent Expectations on Postsecondary Outcomes for Individuals Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing

The Antecedents and Outcomes of Autonomous Behaviors: Modeling the Role of Autonomy in Achieving Sustainable Employment for Deaf Young Adults

“…Parental expectations had a significant indirect effect on only one employment outcome, that of wages earned, which was mediated through their child's autonomous orientations. Previous work demonstrated links between parent expectations and their deaf children's future outcomes post-high school, but did not explore the mechanisms of those relationships (Cawthon et al 2015). The current study suggests that the relationship between parental expectations and future outcomes of deaf youth, specifically that of employment outcomes, is at least partially mediated by their child's autonomy orientation.…”

“…Previous work has indicated that deaf adolescents' autonomous orientations, and their parents' expectations, are linked to future employment outcomes (Garberoglio et al 2014;Cawthon et al 2015). However, possible mechanisms that explain these relationships are largely unknown, and will be assessed in this study.…”

“…Parents of deaf children may believe that deaf people have limited occupational opportunities (Schroedel and Carnahan 1991) and tend to discourage specific careers that are seen to be too challenging (DeCaro et al 2001;Parasnis et al 1996). Indeed, previous research has revealed that parental expectations of their deaf adolescents' future achievements are strong predictors of future outcomes, from independent living, postsecondary enrollment and completion, and employment (Cawthon et al 2015).…”

“…These items were chosen from previous research (Cawthon et al 2015) that indicated that these specific items positively predicted independent living, future employment, and attending and graduating from postsecondary education. Parents indicated on a four-point scale the degree to which they expected students to ever be employed, attend postsecondary education, and live independently.…”

The Impact of Intensive Vocation-Related Course Taking on Employment Outcomes for Individuals Who Are Deaf

“…Covariates in this analysis have largely been drawn from prior research on factors that affect educational and occupational outcomes for deaf students using the NLTS2 (Cawthon, Garberoglio, Caemmerer, Bond, & Wendel, 2015;Coyle, 2012;Garberoglio, Cawthon, & Bond, 2013;Garberoglio, Schoffstall, Cawthon, Bond, & Ge, 2014;Marschark, Shaver, Nagle, & Newman, 2015;Shaver et al, 2014), as well as for youth with disabilities as a whole (Shogren, 2013;Shogren, Kennedy, Dowsett, & Little, 2014;Shogren, Wehmeyer, Palmer, Rifenbark, & Little, 2015). Covariates in this analysis have largely been drawn from prior research on factors that affect educational and occupational outcomes for deaf students using the NLTS2 (Cawthon, Garberoglio, Caemmerer, Bond, & Wendel, 2015;Coyle, 2012;Garberoglio, Cawthon, & Bond, 2013;Garberoglio, Schoffstall, Cawthon, Bond, & Ge, 2014;Marschark, Shaver, Nagle, & Newman, 2015;Shaver et al, 2014), as well as for youth with disabilities as a whole (Shogren, 2013;Shogren, Kennedy, Dowsett, & Little, 2014;Shogren, Wehmeyer, Palmer, Rifenbark, & Little, 2015).…”