Effect of Partial Replacement of Silica with Raw and Modified Bentonite on the Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

Ali, Mark Rigel R.; Pajarito, Bryan B.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.705.14

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, a right balance is desired to improve physical properties. In a previous work, it was found out that ternary mixtures having silica/M-BNT/BNT ratios of 2.5/10/2.5 and 10/2.5/2.5 phr exhibited the highest improvement in tensile stress and elongation at break [17]. These NR composites have the following rheometric properties: NR 10/2.5/2.5 MH = 11.07 lbf-in, ML = 0.37 lbf-in, ts1 = 141 sec and tc90 = 207sec and for NR 2.5/10/2.5 MH = 11.02 lbf-in, ML = 0.29 lbf-in, ts1 = 134 sec and tc90 = 199 sec.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Silica/M-BNT/BNT Ternary Filler Loading on the Curing Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Garing

Ali²,

Pajarito³

2023

MSF

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The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of varied proportions of silica/M-BNT/BNT on the curing properties of natural rubber (NR) composites. Thirteen ternary-filled NR composites and a control sample were prepared in this study based on a third degree – simplex lattice mixture design of experiment. It was observed that high loading of silica has a retarding effect on vulcanization rate due to the presence of silanol groups on its surface. Replacement of silica with BNT led to a big reduction in scorch time and increase in vulcanization rate due to the presence of metallic oxides acting as co-activators. The addition of the organoclay M-BNT to silica and BNT resulted to shorter scorch time, an increase in vulcanization rate, and a decrease in minimum and maximum torques improving the processability of the rubber composite. The kinetic model was able to demonstrate the vulcanization behavior of the rubber composites as supported by the very high coefficient of determination (R2) values for all samples. The generated contour plots for maximum torque (MH), minimum torque (ML), scorch time (tS1), cure rate index (CRI), induction time (ti) and rate constant (k1) were able to display the trends observed in the experimental values.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Silica/M-BNT/BNT Ternary Filler Loading on the Curing Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Garing

Ali²,

Pajarito³

2023

MSF

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“…Formulations 1 -10 are the design points of the simplex-lattice, while formulations 11 -13 are the augmented axial points. Organo-modified bentonite was produced from sodium-activated natural bentonite (using 5 wt% NaCl) treated with tetradecyldimethylamine chloride salt (1 equivalent times the cation exchange capacity of natural bentonite) and coconut diethanolamide (3 wt% of bentonite) [2,3,9,10]. Acid-activated zeolite was synthesized from natural zeolite modified with 3 M hydrochloric acid solution [6,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Replacing Carbon Black with Organo-Modified Bentonite and Acid-Activated Zeolite on Vulcanization Characteristics of Natural Rubber Tire Tread

Pajarito

Gines

Baluyut

et al. 2017

MSF

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The effect of replacing carbon black with organo-modified bentonite and acid-activated zeolite on vulcanization characteristics of natural rubber tire tread was studied using a simplex-lattice mixture design of experiment. Minimum elastic torque ML, maximum elastic torque MH, scorch time ts1, and cure time tc90 of tire treads were modeled in terms of amount of carbon black, organo-modified bentonite, and acid-activated zeolite in the formulation. Contour plots show reduction in ML when carbon black is replaced with a blend of bentonite and zeolite. However, full replacement with acid-activated zeolite increases ML. MH is lowered when carbon black is replaced with bentonite or zeolite. Results also show scorch and curing times to be accelerated when carbon black is replaced with organo-modified bentonite. Meanwhile, vulcanization is retarded as amount of acid-activated zeolite in the formulation is increased.

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“…This study is motivated by the ongoing demand for more robust and enduring protective coatings in industries where metallic structures constantly face environmentally challenging conditions. Traditional coatings often fall short in providing prolonged defense against water-induced degradation and mechanical abuse. , By synergizing the hydrophobicity of PVDF–HFP and adhesive attributes of the silane coupling agent with the versatile and conductive nature of PTH, a holistic solution poised to transform protective coating applications can be realized. The anticipated outcomes not only extend beyond merely enhancing coating performance and durability but also have broader implications for fostering sustainability and efficiency in various sectors including the construction, automotive, aerospace, and marine industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic, Highly Adhesive, and Corrosion-Protective Fluoropolymer-Modified Polythiophene Coatings

Ali,

Honeyman,

Domalanta

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, we introduce an approach aimed at enhancing the adhesion, surface stability, water repellency, and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited polythiophene (PTH) coatings by integrating a thienylsubstituted silane coupling agent as a surface modifier alongside poly-(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) as a topcoat. The fluoropolymer inclusion further improves the resultant coating's water repellency, while the utility of a silane coupling agent addresses a crucial, yet often overlooked, issue in polymeric coatings�ensuring strong adhesion to steel substrates. Spectroscopic analyses confirm the silanization of steel, indicating a strong chemical bond between the substrate and coating. Subsequent tape adhesion tests substantiate this finding, revealing minimal coating delamination and corroborating the enhanced adhesion achieved. Even after rigorous cyclic corrosion tests, the coating maintains a consistently high water contact angle (∼163°), demonstrating remarkable stability and durability, while impedance measurements and potentiodynamic polarization unveil a notable increased corrosion resistance (low-frequency impedance modulus, |Z| 0.1 Hz ∼ 7.2 MΩ cm 2 , corrosion potential, E CORR ∼ 0.14 V, and corrosion current, I CORR ∼ 0.76 nA). Our approach, unprecedented in existing literature, not only extends the lifespan of PTH coatings but also broadens their utility in corrosion-prone environments. Overall, this study sets a new benchmark for developing durable and hydrophobic protective coatings, offering a promising avenue for future research and industrial applications.

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Effect of Partial Replacement of Silica with Raw and Modified Bentonite on the Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Silica/M-BNT/BNT Ternary Filler Loading on the Curing Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Effect of Silica/M-BNT/BNT Ternary Filler Loading on the Curing Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Effect of Replacing Carbon Black with Organo-Modified Bentonite and Acid-Activated Zeolite on Vulcanization Characteristics of Natural Rubber Tire Tread

Superhydrophobic, Highly Adhesive, and Corrosion-Protective Fluoropolymer-Modified Polythiophene Coatings

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