Effect of Particle Size on the Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coatings: A Kinetic Study Based on a Statistical Analysis

Abstract

This work reports on the effect of particle size on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) kinetics of submicrometer and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) employing a design of experiments strategy namely as response surface methodology (RSM). Zeta potential measurements and particle size analysis were used to study the electrostatic interaction between HA particles in an ethanol-based suspension. The results of deposition kinetics under constant DC voltages showed a lower deposition rate for nano-sized HA coating. Furthermore, the effects of voltage and time on EPD kinetics of HA coatings were quantified via RSM based on a central composite design (CCD). tough metallic substrates (composite and/or hybrid systems) 2-5 is a feasible way to achieve simultaneously both the mechanical advantages of metallic substrates and the biological benefits of HA coatings. 1 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is successfully implemented for the fabrication of dense and uniform HA coatings on the substrates with various geometries. 2,6 Moreover, EPD is more economically favorable technique among other methods such as plasma spray, 7,8 sputtering, 9,10 sol-gel, 11,12 and biomimetic. 13,14 The basis of an EPD process is the migration of colloidal particles suspended in a liquid medium under the *farnoush@aut.ac.ir

Micro-scratch and corrosion behavior of functionally graded HA-TiO2 nanostructured composite coatings fabricated by electrophoretic deposition

“…As a result, the simultaneously enhanced biocompatibility and mechanical properties could be achieved by coating tough Ti-6Al-4V alloys with bioactive HA (Yang and Lui, 2008). Among different methods employed for the fabrication of HA-coated metallic implant, such as plasma spray (Laonapakul et al, 2012a;Laonapakul et al, 2012b;Rakngarm Nimkerdphol et al, 2014;Yugeswaran et al, 2012), sol-gel (Abdi Bastami et al, 2013;Tredwin et al, 2013), biomimetic (Liao et al, 2008) and micro-arc oxidation (Farnoush et al, 2015b), electrophoretic deposition (EPD) (Farnoush et al, 2012a, b;Farnoush et al, 2013b;Farnoush et al, 2013c;Farrokhi-Rad et al, 2014;Ozhukil Kollath et al, 2013) is an effective technique for the fabrication of dense and uniform HA layers on a substrate even with complex geometries. This technique has the advantages of high production rate and low investment cost (Corni et al, 2008;Ferrari and Moreno, 2010).…”

Photocatalytic activity of electrophoretically deposited (EPD) TiO2 coatings

“…The nature of the solvent affects the efficient dispersion of nanoparticles and the deposition of those particles on the substrate [48,49]. Carrying out the deposition process for longer durations leads to a greater thickness of the coating [49,[51][52][53]. The conditions applied for each of the four parameters are detailed in the following sections.…”

“…The deposition voltage and substrate influence the electric field in the solution, affecting the particle charge and thus the stability of the suspension [44,[48][49][50][51]. The nature of the solvent affects the efficient dispersion of nanoparticles and the deposition of those particles on the substrate [48,49].…”

Fabrication and characterization of nano-HA-45S5 bioglass composite coatings on calcium-phosphate containing micro-arc oxidized CP-Ti substrates

“…On the other hand, the required time for formation of an apatite layer on HA-BG composites was obtained shorter than for HA, indicating higher bioactivity [7]. Among many methods have been applied to form bioactive films, such as plasma spray [8,9], sol-gel [10][11][12], biomimetic [13,14] and ion implantation [15,16], electrophoretic deposition (EPD) [17][18][19][20] is an effective technique for the fabrication of dense and uniform biomaterial coatings on a substrate even with complex geometries. Moreover, this technique has the advantages of high production rate and low investment cost [21].…”