Composite coatings have emerged as a pivotal solution in enhancing material properties, offering synergistic combinations of two or more constituents to achieve superior performance characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into the vast realm of composite coatings, elucidating the diverse materials utilized, the myriad of fabrication methods, and their multifaceted applications across various industries. From the integration of metal-ceramic coatings in aerospace for high-temperature stability to the use of nanocomposite coatings harnessing nanoparticles for enhanced mechanical and functional capabilities, the scope of these coatings is expansive. Moreover, with the onset of green and sustainable fabrication techniques, composite coatings are poised to meet both performance and environmental benchmarks. Through a methodical examination of peer-reviewed publications, this review aims to provide readers with a holistic understanding of composite coatings, highlighting their evolution, current trends, challenges, and the future outlook. It stands as a testament to the transformative potential of composite coatings in reshaping material science and engineering applications.