Effect of particulate air pollution and passive smoking on surrogate biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in healthy children

Kelishadi, Roya; Hashemi, Mohammad; Javanmard, Shaghayegh Haghjooy; Mansourian, Marjan; Afshani, Mohammadreza; Poursafa, Parinaz; Sadeghian, Babak; Fakhri, Maryam

doi:10.1179/2046905513y.0000000104

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Rodent studies suggest that increased exposure to air pollution may result in metabolic dysfunction and obesity via increased adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased glucose utilization in skeletal muscle (30,31). Prolonged exposure to combustion-related air pollutants may also increase oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, resulting in activation of stress kinases that lead to defective insulin receptor signaling that results in peripheral insulin resistance (30,32,33). Future studies should examine these outcomes in conjunction with systemic markers of inflammation in order to explore whether inflammatory processes mediate any of these observed relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children

et al. 2017

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Evidence suggests that ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure may contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 (PM2.5) had adverse effects on longitudinal measures of insulin sensitivity (SI), β-cell function, and obesity in children at high risk for developing diabetes. Overweight and obese Latino children (8–15 years; n = 314) were enrolled between 2001 and 2012 from Los Angeles, CA, and followed for an average of 3.4 years (SD 3.1 years). Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to assess relationships between AAP exposure and outcomes after adjusting for covariates including body fat percent. Higher NO2 and PM2.5 were associated with a faster decline in SI and a lower SI at age 18 years, independent of adiposity. NO2 exposure negatively affected β-cell function, evidenced by a faster decline in disposition index (DI) and a lower DI at age 18 years. Higher NO2 and PM2.5 exposures over follow-up were also associated with a higher BMI at age 18 years. AAP exposure may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes through direct effects on SI and β-cell function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children

et al. 2017

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“…Children appear to be more vulnerable than adults to the adverse health effects of PM and other air pollutants because of their smaller airways and lung size, increased baseline ventilation rates, propensity to mouth breathe, and greater time spent running, jumping, and other aerobic play activities which expose them to greater pollutant loads penetrating deeper into lung tissues (Wright and Brunst, 2013; Bateson and Schwartz, 2008). It is indicative that higher exposure to urban air pollutants is associated with increased blood markers of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in children (Wu et al, 2015; Calderon-Garciduenas et al, 2009; Kelishadi et al, 2014; Poursafa et al, 2011). …”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of indoor and outdoor PM species at schools and residences in a high-altitude Ecuadorian urban center

Raysoni

Armijos

Weigel

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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An air monitoring campaign to assess children’s environmental exposures in schools and residences, both indoors and outdoors, was conducted in 2010 in three low-income neighborhoods in Z1(north), Z2(central), and Z3(southeast) zones of Quito, Ecuador - a major urban center of 2.2 million inhabitants situated 2850 meters above sea level in a narrow mountainous basin. Z1 zone, located in northern Quito, historically experienced emissions from quarries and moderate traffic. Z2 zone was influenced by heavy traffic in contrast to Z3 zone which experienced low traffic densities. Weekly averages of PM samples were collected at schools (one in each zone) and residences (Z1=47, Z2=45, and Z3=41) every month, over a twelve-month period at the three zones. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 10.6±4.9 μg/m3 (Z1 school) to 29.0±30.5 μg/m3 (Z1 residences) and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations varied from 10.9±3.2 μg/m3 (Z1 school) to 14.3±10.1 μg/m3 (Z2 residences), across the three zones. The lowest values for PM10–2.5 for indoor and outdoor microenvironments were recorded at Z2 school, 5.7±2.8 μg/m3 and 7.9±2.2 μg/m3, respectively. Outdoor school PM concentrations exhibited stronger associations with corresponding indoor values making them robust proxies for indoor exposures in naturally ventilated Quito public schools. Correlation analysis between the school and residential PM size fractions and the various pollutant and meteorological parameters from central ambient monitoring (CAM) sites suggested varying degrees of temporal relationship. Strong positive correlation was observed for outdoor PM2.5 at Z2 school and its corresponding CAM site (r=0.77) suggesting common traffic related emissions. Spatial heterogeneity in PM2.5 concentrations between CAM network and sampled sites was assessed using Coefficient of Divergence (COD) analysis. COD values were lower when CAM sites were paired with outdoor measurements (< 0.2) and higher when CAM and indoor values were compared (> 0.2), suggesting that CAM network in Quito may not represent actual indoor exposures.

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“…This, along with their smaller lung volumes, higher baseline ventilation rates, tendency to mouth breathe, and other attributes, can expose children to greater pollutant loads compared to older individuals [ 19 , 20 ]. Several authors have reported that higher exposure to urban air pollutants is associated with increased blood markers of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in children [ 5 , 21 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Exposure to Urban Traffic Is Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children

Armijos

Weigel

Myers

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Chronic exposure to urban traffic pollution is documented to promote atherosclerosis in adults but little is known about its potential effects in children. Our study examined the association of long-term exposure to traffic with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in 287 healthy children. Residential proximity and distance-weighted traffic density (DWTD) were used as proximity markers for traffic-related air pollution exposure. The multivariable analyses revealed that children residing <100 meters from the nearest heavily trafficked road had cIMT mean and maximum measurements that were increased by 15% and 11% compared to those living ≥ 200 meters away (P = 0.0001). Similar increases in cIMT were identified for children in the highest versus lowest DWTD tertile. Children who resided 100–199 meters from traffic or in the middle DWTD tertile also exhibited increased cIMT but these differences were not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were identified between residential distance to traffic or DWTD and systemic inflammation indicators (CRP, IL-6). The study results suggest that exposure to urban traffic promotes arterial remodeling in children. This finding is important since even small increases in cIMT over time can potentially lead to earlier progression to atherosclerosis. It is also important because traffic-related pollution is potentially modifiable.

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Effect of particulate air pollution and passive smoking on surrogate biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in healthy children

Abstract: The findings suggest that in healthy children PM concentration has a significant independent association with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children

Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children

Assessment of indoor and outdoor PM species at schools and residences in a high-altitude Ecuadorian urban center

Residential Exposure to Urban Traffic Is Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children

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