Effect of pawpaw (<em>Carica papaya</em>) leaf meal and dietary enzymes on broiler performance, digestibility, carcass and blood composition

Abstract

Des enzymes exogènes et des additifs alimentaires phytogènes sont proposés en alternative aux antibiotiques utilisés comme promoteurs de croissance dans la production de volaille. Cette étude a évalué l’effet de l’incorporation de farine de feuilles de papaye (FFP) et de la supplémentation en enzymes (E) dans le régime alimentaire des poulets de chair. Au total, 288 poulets de chair Arbor Acre d’un jour ont été utilisés. Quatre régimes alimentaires ont été formulés pour être isocaloriques et isoprotéiques : régime 1, témoin (0 % FFP, 0 % E), régime 2 (0 % FFP, 0,05 % E), régime 3 (5 % FFP, 0 % E) et régime 4 (5 % FFP, 0,05 % E). Chaque régime a été répliqué six fois avec 12 poulets dans chaque lot. E a amélioré (p &lt; 0,05) le gain de poids à trois semaines. La digestibilité de la matière sèche (MS), des protéines brutes (PB), des matières grasses et des cendres a été améliorée (p &lt; 0,05) avec E, alors que l’incorporation de FFP a augmenté (p &lt; 0,05) la digestibilité de la MS et des PB. L’interaction E x FFP a été significative (p &lt; 0,05) pour la digestibilité de la MS et des PB. E a amélioré (p &lt; 0,05) le poids à l’abattage et a diminué le poids du foie. Les plaquettes sanguines ont varié selon les régimes et ont augmenté (p &lt; 0,05) avec E. E a réduit (p &lt; 0,05) les lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL), alors que FFP a réduit (p &lt; 0,05) le cholestérol et les LDL. En conclusion, l’association de E et de FFP a amélioré la croissance des poulets, et la supplémentation en enzymes ou en FFP serait bénéfique pour la santé des poulets.

Effect of pawpaw leaf and seed meal composite mix dietary supplementation on haematological indices, carcass traits and histological studies of broiler chicken

“…Further studies are however required to ascertain this hypothesis. This result disagreed with an earlier report of Oloruntola et al (2018a) who recorded changes in relative weight of liver of broiler fed 5% pawpaw leaf meal supplemented diets compared to those fed the control diet. This disparity may be due to the differences between the PCM inclusion/supplementation levels among the two experiments.…”

“…The reduction of the HBc and PCV values in birds fed diet 6 (1.0% PCM dietary supplementation) may indicate an anemic condition in the birds, possibly due to various factors among which could be impaired utilization of essential vitamins Means within a row with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) D1: 0 % PCM (control); D2: 0.2 % PCM, D3: 0.4 % PCM; D4: 0.6 % PCM, D5: 0.8 % PCM; D6: 1.0 % PCM SEM standard error of means Mitruka and Rawnsley (1977) for healthy birds. Akintomide et al (2018) reported that the blood parameters of cockerels fed diets containing 0 to 15% neem leaf meal were not affected, while Oloruntola et al (2018a) also recorded a similar blood indices values between the birds fed the control diet and 5% pawpaw leaf meal inclusive diet. Therefore, it is suspected that the reduced HBc and PCV values recorded in birds fed diet 6 (1.0% PCM dietary supplementation) in the present study could not have been due to the phyto-constituents of PCM, but probably due to other factors that were not studied in this work but has notable interaction with PCM dietary supplementation at 1.0% and produced impact on the affected blood indices in the experimental birds.…”

“…However, due to the human and animal health risks associated with the use of synthetic feed additives as growth promoters in meat production, synthetic or antibiotic growth promoters are now being rejected in many countries (Gonzalez and Angeles 2017). The dietary supplementation with phytobiotics, phytogenic feed additives, phytochemical feed additives, and herbal supplements or ingredients are now being considered as alternatives to the synthetic growth promoters (Fallah et al 2013;Oloruntola et al 2018a;Oloruntola et al 2018b). The phytochemicals have antimicrobial, anti-stress, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties which made them potential growth promoters in animal production (Valenzuela-Grijalva et al 2017).…”

Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

“…For instance, tannin was reported of being capable of altering the growth rate and feed efficiency in animals (Gemede and Ratta 2014). Nutrition has marked effect on yield of quality meat of animals, and their relative organ weights are very useful in the prediction of toxic effect of the test materials or the diets (Ayodele et al 2016;Oloruntola et al 2018c). In addition, the toxins in diet could be absorbed and accumulated in the various target tissues or organs and cause injury to the cells and alter their normal structure or function.…”

“…However, it was also reported that the optimal utilization of agro-waste in monogastric animal production is hampered by the anti-nutritional factors which cause the inactivation of some nutrients, diminution of metabolic utilization of food or the process of food digestion (Gemede and Ratta 2014). Therefore, various treatments such as fermentation (Alemawor et al 2009;Oloruntola et al 2015), ash treatment (Adamafio et al 2004), enzyme supplementation (Oloruntola et al 2018b(Oloruntola et al , 2018c), soaking and sun-drying (Adebowale 1985;Okeeke et al 1985) among others have been used to improve the nutritive value of agro-waste. In particular, combination of ash treatment with fermentation was also reported to improve the nutritive values of cocoa pod husk meal and its suitability in monogastric animal production (Adeyeye et al 2017).…”