Effect of pH on the phase separation in the ternary aqueous system containing the hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and the kosmotropic salt potassium citrate at T=298.15K

Phase separation in aqueous solutions of polypropylene glycol and sodium citrate: Effects of temperature and pH

“…Recently, the above equations have been successfully used for the correlation of binodal data of some aqueous ionic liquid-based ABS [24][25][26][27], polymer-based ABS [28,29] and hydrophilic alcohol-based ABS [30,31]. The fitting parameters obtained from the correlation of the experimental binodal data given in Tables 2S and 3S along with the corresponding absolute average deviations (AAD) are collected in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.…”

(Liquid+liquid) equilibria of polymer-salt aqueous two-phase systems for laccase partitioning: UCON 50-HB-5100 with potassium citrate and (sodium or potassium) formate at 23°C

“…As can be seen in figures 2 and 3, UCON-formate salts ATPS present smaller heterogeneous regions than the corresponding UCON-citrate salts. This behavior can be explained if the DG hyd values for the anions are compared: À2793 kJ/mol for citrate [26] and À395 kJ/mol for formate [25].…”

Liquid–liquid equilibrium of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-butanol+sodium sulfite+water aqueous two phase systems

“…5 demonstrates that the extents of the biphasic area for the ATPSs composed of sodium sulfite salt are more than the ones for disodium hydrogen citrate salt. The salting-out ability, kosmotropicity, of salts can be related to the values of Gibbs free energy of hydration ( G hyd ) of the constitutive ions [38]. G hyd is the change in free energy from an isolated naked ion in the gas phase to the aqueous solvated ion in solution, and therefore, the ions with the higher kosmotropicity have the more negative G hyd value, due to the resulting more structured water molecules 'lattice' the ion [38].…”

“…The salting-out ability, kosmotropicity, of salts can be related to the values of Gibbs free energy of hydration ( G hyd ) of the constitutive ions [38]. G hyd is the change in free energy from an isolated naked ion in the gas phase to the aqueous solvated ion in solution, and therefore, the ions with the higher kosmotropicity have the more negative G hyd value, due to the resulting more structured water molecules 'lattice' the ion [38]. Marcus [39] reported the G hyd value of −1295 kJ mol −1 for sulfite anion, and Zafarani-Moattar et al [38] using the procedure described by Marcus [39], estimated G hyd values of hydrogen citrate anion to be −968 kJ mol −1 .…”

“…G hyd is the change in free energy from an isolated naked ion in the gas phase to the aqueous solvated ion in solution, and therefore, the ions with the higher kosmotropicity have the more negative G hyd value, due to the resulting more structured water molecules 'lattice' the ion [38]. Marcus [39] reported the G hyd value of −1295 kJ mol −1 for sulfite anion, and Zafarani-Moattar et al [38] using the procedure described by Marcus [39], estimated G hyd values of hydrogen citrate anion to be −968 kJ mol −1 . In the present cases, taking into account that both salts have same cation (Na + ), the phase-separation ability of the different anions, can be referred to the more negative value of G hyd of contractive anions.…”