Effect of phosphorus based flame retardants on UL94 and Comparative Tracking Index properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Sullalti, Simone; Colonna, Martino; Berti, Corrado; Fiorini, Maurizio; Karanam, Sreepadaraj

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.015

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The absorptions of -OH (3439.05 cm -1 ), aromatic=C-H stretch (3027 cm -1 ), aliphatic vibrations of C-H (2926 cm -1 ), aromatic ring (1600-1492 cm 1 ) and O=C-O (1728 cm -1 ) were detected for the pure UPR (Fig. 6a) at room temperature [25][26][27]. But at 280°C, strength of carbonyl changed little and intensity of the hydroxyl increased in some extent compared with that at room temperature, which showed under this temperature, part of ester group have formed carboxylic acids by hydrolysis.…”

Section: Condensed Phase Products Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in combination with aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in UPR

Wang

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The synergistic flame retardant effects of AlPi and ATH in UPR were investigated. The flammability and thermal stability of UPR composites were evaluated with LOI, UL-94 vertical burning, MCC and TG. The structure and morphology of filler and char residues were examined with SEM and FTIR. The interaction between AlPi and ATH was observed when the mass ratio of AlPi and ATH was 3:2 and LOI value of flame-retarded UPR increased to 30 and UL-94 rating passed V-0; however, the SEM showed that AlPi and ATH have a good dispersion in UPR. The pHRR of UPR-15AlPi/10ATH was 241.6 Wg -1 , decreasing by 30.4 % compared with pure UPR. The experimental TG curve of AlPi/ATH in N 2 was lower than calculated one at the second stage and had lower char residue at 700°C, demonstrating interaction of AlPi and ATH during thermal degradation. The char residue of UPR-15AlPi/10ATH at 700°suggested that the interaction between AlPi and ATH strengthened the char-formation ability and thermal stability of UPR, so the SEM showed a strong and dense char surface. The FTIR of char residues at different temperatures showed that AlPi and ATH interactions changed the type of aluminum phosphates, making char residue of UPR/AlPi/ATH system increased eventually.

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Section: Condensed Phase Products Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in combination with aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in UPR

Wang

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Poly(cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethylene cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) (PCCD) polymers are of current interest as weatherable materials, due to the fact that they are completely aliphatic , do not absorb UV, and provide resistance to light and humidity with respect to semi‐aromatic polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) , poly(propylene terephthalate) , and poly(butylene terephthalate) . Optimized procedures to prepare PCCD polymers with high melting temperatures have been patented by General Electric Company and introduced to the market, in particular in blends with bisphenol A polycarbonate (under the trade name Xylex TM ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐state polymerization process for the preparation of poly(cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethylene cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) polymers with high melting temperature and crystallinity

Colonna

Celli

Marchese

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Poly(cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethylene cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) has been prepared by solid‐state polymerization using 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid or its di‐methylester and 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol as monomers. The process consists in a first step in which a prepolymer with high crystallinity is prepared by melt polycondensation and then submitted to solid‐state polymerization (SSP) at a temperature below the melting temperature of the polymer. The use of the solid state process permits to minimize the isomerization from the trans to the cis form in the polymer chain and therefore a polyester with higher crystallinity and melting temperature, compared to those synthesized by the traditional polycondensation routes, can be obtained. For this reason, the SSP process allows to obtain materials with thermo‐mechanical properties that cannot be achieved using the standard polycondensation method. Moreover, the process does not involve a complex multi‐step temperature ramp as in the case of the polycondensation process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1981–1986, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Typically, the improvement in CTI performances of polymer materials is done by the addition of suitable fillers, which do not form condensed char and act as a barrier against tracking. [12] The major disadvantage of polymer composites as insulating materials is the superficial polymer layer, which covers the fillers and is prone to the CTI test failure. The efficient removal of the thin surface layer is of at most importance for improving the CTI properties of the polymer composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Plasma Etching of Polyphenolic Composite in O₂/Ar Plasma for Improvement of Material Tracking Properties

Puliyalil

Filipič

Cvelbar

2016

Plasma Process. Polym.

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Compositing with suitable fillers is a common strategy to improve the electrical insulation properties of polymer materials, which is limited by the carbonization of protruding surface polymer. To resolve this, we performed an Ar/O 2 plasma etching on glass-filled polyphenolic composite to uncover the fillers by selective removal of the surface polymer. Exposure of the glass fillers increased the performance level up to 65%, which enabled the material to be used as insulator for commercial applications. Plasma diagnostics with probe measurements and emission spectroscopy revealed that the etching rate was mostly influenced by the neutral oxygen atom density rather than O 2 or Ar ions. Additionally, Ar content in the reactor chamber could control the densities of species, i.e., neutral oxygen density, and thereby polymer etching rate.

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Effect of phosphorus based flame retardants on UL94 and Comparative Tracking Index properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in combination with aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in UPR

Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in combination with aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in UPR

Solid‐state polymerization process for the preparation of poly(cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethylene cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) polymers with high melting temperature and crystallinity

Selective Plasma Etching of Polyphenolic Composite in O₂/Ar Plasma for Improvement of Material Tracking Properties

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Effect of phosphorus based flame retardants on UL94 and Comparative Tracking Index properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in combination with aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in UPR

Synergistic flame retardant effects and mechanisms of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in combination with aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in UPR

Solid‐state polymerization process for the preparation of poly(cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethylene cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) polymers with high melting temperature and crystallinity

Selective Plasma Etching of Polyphenolic Composite in O2/Ar Plasma for Improvement of Material Tracking Properties

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Selective Plasma Etching of Polyphenolic Composite in O₂/Ar Plasma for Improvement of Material Tracking Properties