Effect of Phosphorus Precipitation Chemicals on Characteristics and Agricultural Value of Municipal Sewage Sludges

Jokinen, Raili

doi:10.1080/00015129009438011

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Maguire et al (2001) found that the concentrations of WSP, FeO‐P, and Mehlich‐1 P were lowest in soils receiving biosolids (0–20 cm) amended with Fe or Al salts followed by biosolids treated with Al or Fe salts and lime, with the highest P concentrations in soils receiving biosolids treated without lime, Al, or Fe salts. Jokinen (1990) reported that biosolids treated with Al salts had lower concentrations of extractable P than biosolids treated with Fe and Al salts, Ca (lime), and Fe and lime, although results varied somewhat with soil type.…”

Section: Nature Of the Biosolids Phosphorus Environmental Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Restrictions for Land Application of Biosolids

Shober

Sims

2003

J of Env Quality

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The application of biosolids (sewage sludge) to agricultural soils provides P in excess of crop needs when applied to meet the N needs of most agronomic crops. These overapplications can result in the buildup of P in soils to values well above those needed for optimum crop yields and also may increase risk of P losses to surface and ground waters. Because of concerns regarding the influence of P on water quality in the USA, many state and federal agencies now recommend or require P-based nutrient management plans for animal manures. Similar actions are now under consideration for the land application of biosolids. We reviewed the literature on this subject and conducted a national survey to determine if states had restrictions on P levels in biosolids-amended soils. The literature review indicates that while the current N-based approach to biosolids management does result in increases of soil P, some properties of biosolids may mitigate the environmental risk to water quality associated with land application of P in biosolids. Results of the survey showed that 24 states have regulations or guidelines that can be imposed to restrict land application of biosolids based on P. Many of these states use numerical thresholds for P in biosolids-amended soils that are based on soil test phosphorus (STP) values that are much greater than the values considered to be agronomically beneficial. We suggest there is the need for a comprehensive environmental risk assessment of biosolids P. If risk assessment suggests the need for regulation of biosolids application, we suggest regulations be based on the P Site Index (PSI), which is the method being used by most states for animal manure management.

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Section: Nature Of the Biosolids Phosphorus Environmental Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Restrictions for Land Application of Biosolids

Shober

Sims

2003

J of Env Quality

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“…Examples include the effects of WWTP process on P solubility in biosolids and biosolids‐amended soils (Kyle and McClintock, 1995; Maguire et al, 2000; Maguire et al, 2001), soil type (Lu and O'Connor, 2001; Penn and Sims, 2002; Shober and Sims, 2007), the method of biosolids application (Deizman et al, 1989), and the nature of the cropping system (e.g., conventional vs. no‐tillage). The influence of the WWTP process is of particular interest because most research has shown that the addition of metal salts at the WWTP reduces soluble P losses by runoff (Penn and Sims, 2002; Agyin‐Birikorang et al, 2008; Alleoni et al, 2008) and leaching (Jokinen, 1990; Elliott et al, 2002; Elliott et al, 2005; Agyin‐Birikorang et al, 2008; Alleoni et al, 2008) compared with digested biosolids or those produced by biological nutrient removal systems. This suggests that municipalities may be able to mitigate the risk of P loss by modifying WWTP processes to decrease P solubility.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that municipalities may be able to mitigate the risk of P loss by modifying WWTP processes to decrease P solubility. However, much of this research has been conducted in laboratory or greenhouse studies (Jokinen, 1990; Kyle and McClintock, 1995; Li et al, 1997; Rydin and Ottabong, 1997; Sheperd and Withers, 2001; Penn and Sims, 2002; Siddique and Robinson, 2004; Elliott et al, 2005; Agyin‐Birikorang et al, 2008; Alleoni et al, 2008). Furthermore, although some field studies have investigated P losses from biosolids‐amended soils (Harris‐Pierce et al, 1995; Vanden Bossche et al, 2000; Bundy et al, 2001; Withers et al, 2001), none has directly evaluated the influence of WWTP processes on soil and runoff P. Consequently, we conducted a field study comparing the effects of biosolids produced by different WWTP processes and an animal manure commonly used in the Mid‐Atlantic region (poultry litter) on soil P solubility and P losses in runoff.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Runoff from Waste Water Treatment Biosolids and Poultry Litter Applied to Agricultural Soils

White¹,

Coale

Sims

et al. 2010

J of Env Quality

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Differences in the properties of organic phosphorus (P) sources, particularly those that undergo treatment to reduce soluble P, can affect soil P solubility and P transport in surface runoff. This 2-yr field study investigated soil P solubility and runoff P losses from two agricultural soils in the Mid-Atlantic region after land application of biosolids derived from different waste water treatment processes and poultry litter. Phosphorus speciation in the biosolids and poultry litter differed due to treatment processes and significantly altered soil P solubility and dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable P (FeO-P) concentrations in surface runoff. Runoff total P (TP) concentrations were closely related to sediment transport. Initial runoff DRP and FeO-P concentrations varied among the different biosolids and poultry litter applied. Over time, as sediment transport declined and DRP concentrations became an increasingly important component of runoff FeO-P and TP, total runoff P was more strongly influenced by the type of biosolids applied. Throughout the study, application of lime-stabilized biosolids and poultry litter increased concentrations of soil-soluble P, readily desorbable P, and soil P saturation, resulting in increased DRP and FeO-P concentrations in runoff. Land application of biosolids generated from waste water treatment processes that used amendments to reduce P solubility (e.g., FeCl(3)) did not increase soil P saturation and reduced the potential for DRP and FeO-P transport in surface runoff. These results illustrate the importance of waste water treatment plant process and determination of specific P source coefficients to account for differential P availability among organic P sources.

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“…Biosolids organic phosphorus (P o ) consists of inositol phosphates, phospholipids, nucleic acids, phosphoproteins, and various sugar phosphates, as well as a great number of unidentified compounds. Inorganic P (P i ) can react with Ca, Fe, and Al to form a series of minerals (discrete phosphates), and P o can be present in different forms that show varying resistance to microbial degradation (Kirkham, 1982; Chang et al, 1983; Jokinen, 1990; Frossard et al, 1994; Maguire et al, 2001). Soil scientists have developed methods for soil P fractionation based on the ability of selective chemical reagents to solubilize discrete types of P compounds (Chang and Jackson, 1957; Hedley et al, 1982; Williams et al, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Fractionation of Phosphorus in Stabilized Biosolids

2008

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Three chemicals-ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), and aluminum sulfate (alum)-were applied at different rates to stabilize P in fresh, anaerobically digested biosolids (FBS) obtained from an activated sewage treatment plant. A modified Hedley fractionation procedure was used to assess P forms in these sludge-borne materials and in a biosolids compost (BSC) prepared from the same FBS. Each biosolids material exhibited a unique pattern of P distribution among fractions. The most available P forms, namely: (i) water-soluble P (WSP); (ii) membrane-P; and (iii) NaHCO(3)-P, were stabilized by small rates of each of the chemicals; but the P transformation into more stable forms depended on the type of chemical added. The stabilized P forms were enhanced by high rates of CaO and FeSul, but were reduced by high rates of alum. The organic P (P(o)) in the first three fractions of the FeSul- and alum-stabilized biosolids was enhanced by the chemical addition, and P(o) transformation from NaOH-P(o) into NaHCO(3)-P(o) was found in calcium-stabilized biosolids. A positive relationship was found between NaHCO(3)-P(o) and the NaHCO(3)-extracted organic C in all chemically stabilized biosolids. One-step extraction by NaHCO(3) or NaOH underestimated P extraction compared to the stepwise extraction. The reported results are consistent with solid-state P speciation reported earlier and contribute important information for optimizing biosolids stabilization to reduce P loss after incorporation in soils and for maximizing soil capacity to safely store pre-stabilized biosolids.

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Effect of Phosphorus Precipitation Chemicals on Characteristics and Agricultural Value of Municipal Sewage Sludges

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Phosphorus Restrictions for Land Application of Biosolids

Phosphorus Restrictions for Land Application of Biosolids

Phosphorus Runoff from Waste Water Treatment Biosolids and Poultry Litter Applied to Agricultural Soils

Chemical Fractionation of Phosphorus in Stabilized Biosolids

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