Abstract:The use of riboflavin as photosensitizer in the UV irradiation induced cross‐linking process was studied to improve the properties of fish gelatin (FG) films. In the UV irradiation, the fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that cross‐linking occurred in the film at a riboflavin charge of 0.1% or higher and the viscosity of the FG solution increased as the riboflavin charge increased. The water contact angel of the fish gelatin film with the riboflavin mediated UV irradiation (RmUV) was significantly improv… Show more
“…Also, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This approach has been investigated mainly for the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering, where collagen type I or gelatin are crosslinked in the presence of riboflavin and UV light through a free radical reaction [41][42][43][44][45]. Moreover collagen Type I has been successfully crosslinked with riboflavin in the presence of a 475 nm light source, producing stable scaffolds with favorable cell survival [46].…”
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a sprayable edible coating using salmon gelatin (SG) and its stabilization by photopolymerization using riboflavin (Rf). Suspensions of SG with Rf at pH values of 5.0 and 8.5 were exposed for 2 min to visible light (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) light and further characterized to determine structural changes of the different gelatin formulations. Rheology analysis showed that at pH 5, the loss modulus (G’’) was higher that the storage modulus (G’) for crosslinked samples (VL and UV light). However, at pH 8.5 G’ values increased over G’’, showing a strong crosslinking effect. Interestingly both moduli did not intersect at any point and their maximum values did not change upon cooling with respect to the gelatin suspension without light exposure, demonstrating that triple helix formation was not affected by the reaction. In fact, neither the gelation temperature nor the enthalpy values were significantly affected. Viscosity measurements confirmed the hydrogel formation using VL, showing higher viscosity values after exposure at increasing temperatures. Transmittance (T%) measurements showed an increase in T% in the suspensions after VL exposure, with only a 10% decrease compared to SG without riboflavin. For validation, the coating was sprayed in fresh salmon fillets, showing a 37% delay in spoilage and reduced weight loss. Therefore, photopolymerization of low viscosity gelatins would allow to manage viscoelasticity of the biomaterial stabilizing it as coating and preventing the deterioration of salmon fillets.
“…Also, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This approach has been investigated mainly for the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering, where collagen type I or gelatin are crosslinked in the presence of riboflavin and UV light through a free radical reaction [41][42][43][44][45]. Moreover collagen Type I has been successfully crosslinked with riboflavin in the presence of a 475 nm light source, producing stable scaffolds with favorable cell survival [46].…”
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a sprayable edible coating using salmon gelatin (SG) and its stabilization by photopolymerization using riboflavin (Rf). Suspensions of SG with Rf at pH values of 5.0 and 8.5 were exposed for 2 min to visible light (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) light and further characterized to determine structural changes of the different gelatin formulations. Rheology analysis showed that at pH 5, the loss modulus (G’’) was higher that the storage modulus (G’) for crosslinked samples (VL and UV light). However, at pH 8.5 G’ values increased over G’’, showing a strong crosslinking effect. Interestingly both moduli did not intersect at any point and their maximum values did not change upon cooling with respect to the gelatin suspension without light exposure, demonstrating that triple helix formation was not affected by the reaction. In fact, neither the gelation temperature nor the enthalpy values were significantly affected. Viscosity measurements confirmed the hydrogel formation using VL, showing higher viscosity values after exposure at increasing temperatures. Transmittance (T%) measurements showed an increase in T% in the suspensions after VL exposure, with only a 10% decrease compared to SG without riboflavin. For validation, the coating was sprayed in fresh salmon fillets, showing a 37% delay in spoilage and reduced weight loss. Therefore, photopolymerization of low viscosity gelatins would allow to manage viscoelasticity of the biomaterial stabilizing it as coating and preventing the deterioration of salmon fillets.
“…No prominent yellow-green fluorescence was seen with alginate, which could probably be due to the crosslinking behavior and less stable environment in the presence of alginate network than the gelatin network, thus decreasing its fluorescence effect. The use of gelatin as crosslinker and coating applications has been extensively studied due to the viscoelasticity, stability, and biocompatibility [30][31][32]. Thus, the coating of gelatin and FMN mixture on plasma-treated polyester nonwoven allowed to produce an entire panel and create fluorescent patterns of green-yellow fluorescence observed under UV light.…”
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) derived from Vitamin B2, a bio-based fluorescent water-soluble molecule with visible yellow-green fluorescence, has been used in the scope of producing photoluminescent and glow-in-the-dark patterned polyester (PET) nonwoven panels. Since the FMN molecule cannot diffuse inside the PET fiber, screen printing, coating, and padding methods were used in an attempt to immobilize FMN molecules at the PET fiber surface of a nonwoven, using various biopolymers such as gelatin and sodium alginate as well as a water-based commercial polyacrylate. In parallel, air atmospheric plasma activation of PET nonwoven was carried for improved spreading and adhesion of FMN bearing biopolymer/polymer mixture. Effectively, the plasma treatment yielded a more hydrophilic PET nonwoven, reduction in wettability, and surface roughness of the plasma treated fiber with reduced water contact angle and increased capillary uptake were observed. The standard techniques of morphological properties were explored by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Films combining each biopolymer and FMN were formed on PS (polystyrene) Petri-dishes. However, only the gelatin and polyacrylate allowed the yellow-green fluorescence of FMN molecule to be maintained on the film and PET fabric (seen under ultraviolet (UV) light). No yellow-green fluorescence of FMN was observed with sodium alginate. Thus, when the plasma-activated PET was coated with the gelatin mixture or polyacrylate bearing FMN, the intense photoluminescent yellow-green glowing polyester nonwoven panel was obtained in the presence of UV light (370 nm). Screen printing of FMN using a gelatin mixture was possible. The biopolymer exhibited appropriate viscosity and rheological behavior, thus creating a glow-in-the-dark pattern on the polyester nonwoven, with the possibility of one expression in daylight and another in darkness (in presence of UV light). A bio-based natural product such as FMN is potentially an interesting photoluminescent molecule with which textile surface pattern designers may create light-emitting textiles and interesting aesthetic expressions.
“…In another researvh, Wang et al [ 145 ] improved the characteristics of fish gelatin (FG) films by using riboflavin as a photosensitizer during UV irradiation cross-linking process (Fig. 20 ).…”
Section: Physical Cross-linkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Young’s modulus and tensile strength of RmUV irradiated FG films were significantly higher than those of FG films in wet or dry conditions (Table 6 ). The ultraviolet/riboflavin irradiation is a potentially effective process for improving the performance of FG films [ 145 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Physical Cross-linkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 20 Rationale of UV-induced photocross-linking mediated by riboflavin through type I and type II and its enhancing on gelatin films [ 145 ] …”
Amniotic membrane (AM) is a biological tissue that surrounds the fetus in the mother’s womb. It has pluripotent cells, immune modulators, collagen, cytokines with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effect, matrix proteins, and growth factors. In spite of the biological characteristics, some results have been released in preventing the adhesion on traumatized surfaces. Application of the AM as a scaffold is limited due to its low biomechanical resistance and rapid biodegradation. Therefore, for using the AM during surgery, its modification by different methods such as cross-linking of the membrane collagen is necessary, because the cross-linking is an effective way to reduce the rate of biodegradation of the biological materials. In addition, their cross-linking is likely an efficient way to increase the tensile properties of the material, so that they can be easily handled or sutured. In this regard, various methods related to cross-linking of the AM subsuming the composite materials, physical cross-linking, and chemical cross-linking with the glutraldehyde, carbodiimide, genipin, aluminum sulfate, etc. are reviewed along with its advantages and disadvantages in the current work.
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