Effect of photoperiod on body mass, food intake and body composition in the field vole,<i>Microtus agrestis</i>

Król, Elżbieta; Redman, Paula; Thomson, Peter; Williams, Robert J.; Mayer, Claus; Mercer, Julian G.; Speakman, John R.

doi:10.1242/jeb.01429

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…These data are in line with observations in field voles: switching the day length from 8-to 16-h increased body weight by 24% in 4 wk compared with animals that remained on a day length of 8 h (14). Accordingly, we previously showed that prolonging day length from 12 to 24 h decreases energy expenditure in mice without increasing food intake or locomotor activity (11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prolonged daily light exposure increases body fat mass through attenuation of brown adipose tissue activity

Kooijman¹,

Berg²,

Ramkisoensing

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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Disruption of circadian rhythmicity is associated with obesity and related disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Specifically, prolonged artificial light exposure associates with obesity in humans, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that increasing the daily hours of light exposure increases body adiposity through attenuation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, a major contributor of energy expenditure. Mice exposed to a prolonged day length of 16-and 24-h light, compared with regular 12-h light, showed increased adiposity without affecting food intake or locomotor activity. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that prolonged day length decreases sympathetic input into BAT and reduces β3-adrenergic intracellular signaling. Concomitantly, prolonging day length decreased the uptake of fatty acids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, as well as of glucose from plasma selectively by BAT. We conclude that impaired BAT activity is an important mediator in the association between disturbed circadian rhythm and adiposity, and anticipate that activation of BAT may overcome the adverse metabolic consequences of disturbed circadian rhythmicity. M odern world society is subjected to disturbances of circadian rhythms by shift work, sleep deprivation, and environmental light pollution. Importantly, the increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with a disrupted sleep-wake pattern in humans (1) and coincides with the availability of artificial light (2, 3). Additionally, a recent study revealed a relationship between exposure to light at night and obesity in a cross-sectional analysis of over 100,000 women (4). Light input is the most important cue for generation of circadian (∼24 h) rhythms by the master clock. Both in rodents and humans the master clock is situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN is responsible for synchronization of peripheral clocks throughout the body, which is mediated by endocrine and neuronal signals (5). A causal role for a disturbed circadian rhythm in the development of obesity has been demonstrated by animal studies. Mice with genetically dysfunctional clock genes develop obesity and insulin resistance (6-9). Moreover, specific ablation of the SCN induces acute weight gain (10). These results indicate a crucial role for the SCN in the regulation of adiposity.Interestingly, we previously showed that prolonged light exposure only is sufficient to enhance weight gain in mice. Constant light disrupts the central circadian clock, evidenced by an immediate reduction in the circadian amplitude of SCN electrical activity. Moreover, constant light induces body weight gain and insulin resistance, even faster than high-fat diet, which was not caused by increased food intake or reduced locomotor activity (11). Therefore, disruption of the central biological clock likely induces weight gain by decreasing energy expenditure.Recently, it has been recognized that brown adipose tissue (BAT) importantly contributes to energy ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prolonged daily light exposure increases body fat mass through attenuation of brown adipose tissue activity

Kooijman¹,

Berg²,

Ramkisoensing

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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“…This is consistent with our previous results, which indicated that the food intakes of LD and SD voles were not significantly different until day 18 of exposure to LD (above and Król et al 2005). All voles responded to the implantation of mini-osmotic pumps by decreasing their food intake on day 12 compared with day 10.…”

Section: Circulating Leptin Levels and Leptin Resistancesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…, Bartness et al 2002, Morgan et al 2003, Schuhler & Ebling 2006). In the current review, we summarize our work on a novel seasonal model of leptin resistance -the field vole (Microtus agrestis; Król et al 2005Król et al , 2006Król et al , 2007. The review is structured in three parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of body mass and adiposity in the field vole, Microtus agrestis: a model of leptin resistance

Król¹,

Speakman²

2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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Adult mammals are typically highly resistant to perturbations in their energy balance. In obese humans, however, this control appears to be lost. Apart from a few exceptional cases, this loss of control occurs despite appropriate levels of circulating leptin -suggesting that elevated adiposity may be a consequence of failure to respond to the leptin signal: leptin resistance. When cold-acclimated male field voles (Microtus agrestis) are transferred from short (SD, 8 h light) to long (LD, 16 h light) photoperiods, they increase dramatically in body mass and fatness for about 4 weeks. After this period, their mass stabilizes at a new plateau about 25% higher than animals maintained in SD. The increase in adiposity is not caused by significant increases in food intake, but reflects an increase in digestive efficiency. Measures of circulating leptin reveal that the increased adiposity is matched by increased circulating leptin. By infusing voles with exogenous leptin, we have demonstrated that SD voles are leptin sensitive (reducing both body mass and food intake), whereas LD animals are leptin resistant. Voles may therefore be a useful model for understanding the process of leptin resistance. The change in leptin sensitivity in voles was not associated with changes in the levels of gene expression of the orexogenic or anorexogenic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, POMC and cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript, measured in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). During the phase that body mass was increasing, however, there was a transient increase in the ARC expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS3). These data suggest that the changes in the expression of SOCS3 in the ARC may be involved in leptin resistance. However, the mechanism by which these changes may be linked to alterations in digestive efficiency that underpin the changes in adiposity, or how the differences are signalled by changes in photoperiod, remains unclear.

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“…From this the daily N needs for a vole range from 8.7 mg to 19.5 mg N per day. Based on the range of N concentrations in the stomach and a digestibility of the food of 60% the daily food intake that satisfy the N need varies from 3.6 g to 8 g. This is within the range of food intake reported for voles in captivity (Krol et al 2004). The variation in concentrations of N was not reflected in animal performance such as BM or BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Nitrogen and Carbon Concentrations in the Stomach Content of Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus). Does Food Quality Determine Abundance?

Palo

Olsson²

2009

TOECOLJ

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Abstract:We found that concentrations of nitrogen (N) in the stomach of voles varied between forest sites. Concentrations of nitrogen as well as the ratio of nitrogen to carbon (C) in stomach content were not different between the sexes or with season. Body mass varied between sites and between seasons but were unrelated to N concentration in spite that the body mass of voles in the spring season were on average 4.8 g heavier than in the autumn A positive relationship was found between N and C concentrations in the stomach content implying the diet quality could be related to this ratio. N concentrations in the stomach per unit body mass were positively and significantly related to catch per unit effort of voles.We suggest that sites with high N concentrations in stomach content and with higher NC-ratio imply better habitats that support higher population densities of voles.

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Effect of photoperiod on body mass, food intake and body composition in the field vole,Microtus agrestis

Cited by 62 publications

References 80 publications

Prolonged daily light exposure increases body fat mass through attenuation of brown adipose tissue activity

Prolonged daily light exposure increases body fat mass through attenuation of brown adipose tissue activity

Regulation of body mass and adiposity in the field vole, Microtus agrestis: a model of leptin resistance

Nitrogen and Carbon Concentrations in the Stomach Content of Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus). Does Food Quality Determine Abundance?

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