Effect of phytate and zinc ions on fluoride toothpaste efficacy using an in situ caries model

Parkinson, Charles; Burnett, Gary R.; Creeth, Jonathan E.; Lynch, Richard J.M.; Budhawant, Chandrashekhar; Lippert, Frank; Hara, Anderson T.; Zero, Domenick T.

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.03.013

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, due to reduced fluoride uptake in the presence of IP6, the remineralizing effect was inhibited. Thus, no benefits for including IP6 were perceived (Creeth et al, 2018), which contrasted with the results of Parkinson et al (Parkinson et al, 2018). It was stated that this marked contrast was the result of using different models.…”

Section: Oral Care Productscontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…No significant differences were encountered by addition of IP6 at 0.425% or 0.85% and there was no attenuation, or improvement in fluoride's caries prevention efficacy. Neither IP6 nor zinc ions within the dose range tested affected fluoride's ability to promote remineralization or prevent demineralization of enamel in the aforementioned model (Parkinson et al, 2018). Additional experiments by Creeth et al demonstrated that, compared with fluoride-free controls, a dentifrice containing IP6 and sodium fluoride had beneficial effects on the dynamics of remineralization and demineralization for early enamel erosive lesions.…”

Section: Oral Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It was stated that this marked contrast was the result of using different models. Creeth et al used a single-treatment model with plaque-free enamel surfaces (Creeth et al, 2018), whereas Parkinson et al used plaque-covered surfaces which were clinically more relevant to developing caries lesions (Parkinson et al, 2018). Magrill reported an inhibition of mineralization in enamel specimens pre-treated with IP6 solution.…”

Section: Oral Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the scholarly interest in IP6 furnished a number of intriguing findings regarding its application in dentistry, this interest reached a hiatus. Recently, interest in IP6 has been revitalized with several research papers exploring potential dental applications including its use in dentifrices and cements, and other new applications such as etchant in adhesive dentistry, chelating agent in endodontics or anti-staining agent added to dentifrices (Nassar et al, 2013;Nassar et al, 2015;Milleman et al, 2018;Parkinson et al, 2018;Uyanik et al, 2019). In 1983, Ernst Graf was highly active in researching different features of IP6 and its potential in a vast array of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytic Acid: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry

Nassar

Maki

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is the most abundant inositol phosphate in nature and an essential molecule for different biological functions. IP6 has a unique structure granting it distinctive properties; a high negative charge density provides IP6 with an immense chelating ability and valuable antioxidant properties. IP6 is also simple and cost-effective to produce. These features have attracted researchers and entrepreneurs to further study IP6 for a wide variety of applications in areas such as pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries, medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, and dentistry. The interest in IP6 in the dental field unfolded many decades ago following identification of a cariostatic ability and a positive impact on reducing enamel dissolution. Subsequently, IP6’s anti-plaque, anti-calculus and cement-forming properties have been investigated. Despite encouraging findings, there was a phase of decreased attention to IP6 which slowed down research progress. However, the potential use of IP6 has recently been revisited through several publications that provided deeper understanding into its mechanisms of action in the aforementioned applications. Studies have also explored new applications in endodontics, adhesive, preventive and regenerative dentistry, and IP6’s role in improving the characteristics and performance of dental materials. Evidence of the merits of IP6 in dentistry is now substantial, and this narrative review presents and discusses the different applications proposed in the literature and gives insights of future use of IP6 in the fields of orthodontics, implant and pediatric dentistry.

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Section: Oral Care Productscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Oral Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Oral Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytic Acid: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry

Nassar

Maki

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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“…In addition, Zn is required for host immune function and shows antimicrobial properties at elevated concentrations, such that it is harnessed by the host to intoxicate invading pathogens within phagocytic cells and, for centuries, has been used as a therapeutic agent to treat a variety of human conditions due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In oral health, Zn is incorporated into oral healthcare products to treat gingivitis and to control halitosis (27,28) though its usefulness to caries treatment or prevention has proven to be controversial (27,33,53,54) (59). In addition to the 'CPC' motif, metal specificity is determined by the presence of GxxCxxC motif at the N-terminal end and the presence of a preceding aspartate residue (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZccE is a Novel P-type ATPase That Protects Streptococcus mutans Against Zinc Intoxication

Ganguly

Peterson

Burkholder

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Zinc is an essential trace metal to all forms of life that becomes toxic at high concentrations. Because it has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and low toxicity to mammalian cells, zinc has been used as a therapeutic agent for centuries to treat a variety of infectious and non-infectious conditions. While the usefulness of zinc-based therapies in caries prevention is controversial, zinc is incorporated into toothpaste and mouthwash formulations to prevent gingivitis and halitosis. Despite this widespread use of zinc in oral healthcare, the mechanisms that allow Streptococcus mutans, a keystone pathogen in dental caries and prevalent etiological agent of infective endocarditis, to overcome zinc toxicity are largely unknown. Here, we discovered that S. mutans is inherently more tolerant to high zinc stress than all other species of streptococci tested, including commensal streptococci associated with oral health. Using a transcriptome approach, we uncovered several potential strategies utilized by S. mutans to overcome zinc toxicity. Among them, we identified a previously uncharacterized P-type ATPase transporter and cognate transcriptional factor, which we respectively named ZccE and ZccR, as responsible for the remarkable high zinc tolerance of S. mutans. In addition to zinc, we found that ZccE, which was found to be unique to S. mutans strains, mediates tolerance to at least three additional metal ions, namely cadmium, cobalt, and copper. Loss of the ability to maintain zinc homeostasis when exposed to high zinc stress severely disturbed Zn:Mn ratios leading to heightened peroxide sensitivity that was alleviated by excess manganese supplementation. Finally, we showed that the ability of the ΔzccE strain to stably colonize the rat tooth surface after topical zinc treatment was significantly impaired providing proof of concept that ZccE and ZccR are suitable targets for the development of antimicrobial therapies specifically tailored to kill S. mutans.

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