Effect of plant age and cottony snow mold on winter survival of forage grasses

Hwang, Sheau‐Fang; Gaudet, D. A.; Turnbull, G. D.; Chang, K. F.; Howard, R. J.; Najda, H. G.

doi:10.4141/p01-061

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Kohn. ], but in the parkland region of the Canadian prairies, its tolerance of snow molds exceeds that of other common forages (Hwang et al 2002) (Myhr et al 1966).…”

Section: Response To Herbivory Disease and Higher Plant Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Otfinowski

Kenkel²,

Catling³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

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Otfinowski, R., Kenkel, N. C. and Catling, P. M. 2007. The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), a native of central Eurasia, was introduced to Canada as a forage and hay crop around 1888. Early reports of plants escaped from cultivation appear in 1903, and based on the number of collections prior to 1920, smooth brome spread most rapidly in western Canada. It is common along roadsides, forest margins, clearings, shorelines and disturbed areas, but its most detrimental impact is on the diversity of prairies and native grasslands. For example, in Riding Mountain National Park, MB, plant diversity of fescue prairies recently invaded by smooth brome decreased by 70%. Vegetative proliferation through underground rhizomes is key to the invasiveness of smooth brome, but long-range dispersal of seeds is facilitated by animals, wind and the transport of hay. Smooth brome is effectively controlled using selective applications of glyphosate and well-timed clipping. However, restoration of infested areas depends on the composition of native seed banks. Smooth brome remains valuable as a forage and cover crop in every province and territory in Canada. [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. Le brome inerme (Bromus inermis Leyss.), plante indigène du centre de l'Eurasie, a été introduit au Canada pour la production fourragère vers 1888. Les premiers rapports mentionnant des plants retournés à l'état sauvage datent de 1903. D'après le nombre de prélèvements effectués avant 1920, on constate cependant que l'espèce s'est répan-due plus rapidement dans l'ouest du pays. Le brome inerme colonise souvent le bas-côté des routes, la lisière des bois, les clairières, les rivages et les terres perturbées, mais l'espèce nuit le plus à la diversité de la flore des prairies et des pâturages naturels. Dans le parc national Riding Mountain, au Manitoba, on a noté une diminution de la diversité des plantes de 70 % dans les prairies à fétuques récemment envahies par le brome inerme. L'efficacité du brome inerme vient essentiellement de sa reproduction végé-tative par rhizomes, mais les animaux, le vent et le transport du foin favorisent la dispersion des graines sur de grandes distances. L'application sélective de glyphosate et une coupe opportune permettent une lutte efficace contre cette adventice. Toutefois, la restauration des lieux infestés dépend de la composition des réserves de semences indigènes. Le brome inerme garde son utilité comme culture fourragère et culture abri dans toutes les provinces et tous les territoires du Canada. Mots clés: Bromus inermis Description and Account of Variation(a) Description. Rhizomatous perennial, 2-15 dm tall, the culms topped with open panicles 5-20 cm long with ascending or spreading branches. Rhizomes up to 1.5 m long without branching or producing stems, 2-5 mm wide, with pale scales. Culms smooth...

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“…Kohn. ], but in the parkland region of the Canadian prairies, its tolerance of snow molds exceeds that of other common forages (Hwang et al 2002) (Myhr et al 1966).…”

Section: Response To Herbivory Disease and Higher Plant Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Otfinowski

Kenkel²,

Catling³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…During this research no correlations between winter hardiness and resistance to snow mould were observed. It is well established that the role of snow mould resistance in winter hardiness and the relationship between snow mould and frost resistance may differ both among plant and fungi species and that they are strongly affected by climatic conditions (Larsen, 1994;Gaudet, 1994;Hwang et al, 2002). Many studies in winter cereals have similarly found no correlation between frost tolerance and snow mould resistance even under laboratory conditions (Gaudet & Kozub, 1991;Iriki et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Variation for winter hardiness generated by androgenesis from Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars with different winter susceptibility

Rapacz

Gasior

Humphreys³

et al. 2005

Euphytica

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Androgenic populations produced from three Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 28) cultivars show wide within population variation for winter hardiness. Populations comprising a total of 423 androgenic plants derived from 23 donor plants from 3 Polish F. pratensis × L. multiflorum cultivars Felopa, Sulino, and Rakopan were studied over 3 years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) in a field experiment at Lopuszna, Poland (20 • 08 E, 49 • 28 N, altitude 568 m). The results indicate that despite differences in winter hardiness between the three amphidiploid cultivars, the mean winter hardiness of androgenic progeny from each cultivar was the same. Thus an androgenesis component in a plant breeding programme may provide an opportunity to recover winter hardy genotypes from high yielding cultivars that are themselves adapted poorly to stress conditions. Androgenesis also evoked variation in snow mould resistance. In this case, androgenic plants with the greatest snow mould resistance were recovered from the least winter hardy donor cultivars and plants. The results indicated the low importance of snow mould resistance as a component of winter hardiness under the field conditions used for these experiments.

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“…Rate of growth after the snow has melted infl uences the yield of the fi rst harvest for hay-making at the heading stage. Plant size before winter aff ects winter hardiness (Hwang et al, 2002), freezing tolerance (Hofgaard et al, 2003), and resistance to snow mold (Amano, 1987;Hwang et al, 2002;Hofgaard et al, 2003) in grasses and cereals. Temperate grass germplasm originating from northern regions, such as in Europe, have shown good winter hardiness in Hokkaido (Nakayama and Abe, 1996;Nakayama et al, 1997).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Fall and Spring and Vigor of Spring Regrowth in Orchardgrass

2010

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To clarify relationships among factors associated with winter stress in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration, resistance to snow mold, and tolerance to prolonged snow cover were evaluated under both conditions of natural infection and chemical control of snow mold. A total of 18 cultivars from Japan, Europe, and the United States were transplanted into the field at Hokkaido in October 2003 and 2004. Crown samples were collected before the start of snow cover in fall and after melting of the snow in spring and were analyzed for WSC concentration. The total WSC concentration of cultivars originating in cold regions was higher in spring than that of cultivars originating in warm regions. The WSC concentration in fall was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover and resistance to snow mold. Otherwise, WSC concentration in spring was significantly correlated with spring regrowth and resistance to snow mold. Although dry wt. in the fall was negatively correlated with spring regrowth and snow mold resistance, it was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover. WSC concentration of crown tissues in spring should be an important selection criterion for a superior winter‐hardy cultivar with rapid regrowth in spring. Cultivars that show both more fall growth and better tolerance to prolonged snow cover could be used in crosses with winter‐hardy cultivars to increase forage yield in the fall.

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Effect of plant age and cottony snow mold on winter survival of forage grasses

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

The biology of Canadian weeds. 134. Bromus inermis Leyss

Variation for winter hardiness generated by androgenesis from Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars with different winter susceptibility

Relationship between Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Fall and Spring and Vigor of Spring Regrowth in Orchardgrass

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