Effect of Plasma Nitriding Pretreatment on the Mechanical Properties of AlCrSiN-Coated Tool Steels

Chang, Yin-Yu; Amrutwar, Siddhant

doi:10.3390/ma12050795

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It can be seen that the coating has more Al atoms than Cr. Nevertheless, the coating has an atomic stoichiometry of Cr 0.37 Al 0.26 Si 0.03 N which is comparable with data reported in the literature [43][44][45]. Figure 3.…”

Section: Materials Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

Drozd¹,

Walczak²,

Szala³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The tribological performance of metalwork steel tools is of vital importance in both cold and hot working processes. One solution for improving metal tool life is the application of coatings. This paper investigates the effect of CrAlSiN thin-film PVD-deposition on the tribological behaviour of tool steel K340. The sliding wear performance of the coated K340 steel is analysed in relation to both the uncoated K340 steel and a range of tool steels dedicated to hot- and cold-working, such as X155CrVMo12-1, X37CrMoV5-1, X40CrMoV5-1, 40CrMnMo7 and 90MnCrV8. The investigated tool steels were heat-treated, while K340 was subjected to thermochemical treatment and then coated with a CrAlSiN hard film (K340/CrAlSiN). The hardness, chemical composition, phase structure and microstructure of steels K340 and K340/CrAlSiN are examined. Tribological tests were conducted using the ball-on-disc tester in compliance with the ASTM G99 standard. The tests were performed under dry unidirectional sliding conditions, using an Al2O3 ball as a counterbody. The wear factor and coefficient of friction are estimated and analysed with respect to hardness and alloying composition of the materials under study. SEM observations are made to identify the sliding wear mechanisms of the analysed tool steels and PVD-coated K340 steel. In contrast to the harsh abrasive-adhesive wear mechanism observed for uncoated tool steels, the abrasive wear dominates in case of the AlCrSiN. The deposited thin film effectively prevents the K304 substrate from harsh wear severe degradation. Moreover, thanks to the deposited coating, the K304/CrAlSiN sample has a COF of 0.529 and a wear factor of K=5.68×10−7 m3 N−1 m−1, while the COF of the reference tool steels ranges from 0.702 to 0.885 and their wear factor ranges from 1.68×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1 to 3.67×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1. The CrAlSiN deposition reduces the wear of the K340 steel and improves its sliding properties, which makes it a promising method for prolonging the service life of metalwork tools.

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Section: Materials Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

Drozd¹,

Walczak²,

Szala³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, nitrided layers do not provide sufficient resistance in highly aggressive environments or under heavy mechanical stresses. [2][3][4]6,7 PVD hard coatings are mainly used because of their high hardness and excellentThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Weinhold

Dalke

Schramm

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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The dry sliding wear behavior of AISI D2 tool steel is investigated under different heat treatment states in hardened, plasma nitrided, and duplex layer conditions. Plasma nitriding (PN) is performed at 510-520 • C with varying N 2 -H 2 gas mixtures, and Cr-Al-Ti-B-N layers are deposited at 480 • C by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD). This work investigates the influence of the nitride layer and, in particular, the presence of a compound layer on the tribological behavior of the duplex layer system. Therefore, as-nitrided conditions both without and with a compound layer -as well as with a mechanically removed compound layer -are subsequently hard coated. Comparative ball-on-disc wear tests in linear-reciprocating sliding motion against WC-Co counterbody balls are conducted at a load of 120 N. Compared to sample states without a compound layer, the as-nitrided states with a compound layer exhibit improved wear coefficients. In contrast, all duplex layer states exhibit comparably low friction coefficients and low wear coefficients independently of the presence of a compound layer.Removal of the compound layer prior to PVD coating leads to a significant reduction in wear resistance due to reduced surface roughness before the hard coating and the associated change in the bonding between the nitride layer and hard coating. K E Y W O R D Scompound layer, duplex surface engineering, friction and wear, plasma nitriding, PVD hard coating INTRODUCTIONTool steels are the preferred materials for most fields of application with demanding tribological working conditions -such as die casting, forging, stamping, cutting, and rolling. [1][2][3] One widely used representative of this group of steels is X155CrVMo12-1 (AISI D2), which is applied in complex applications involving, for example, high normal loads and sliding speeds. 4,5 In order to counteract the associated reduction in tool life, hard coatings produced by surface treatment techniques such as plasma nitriding (PN) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) hard coating are commonly applied. PN affords significant improvements in surface hardness, fatigue strength, corrosion, and wear resistance 3,4,6 compared to conventional steels. However, nitrided layers do not provide sufficient resistance in highly aggressive environments or under heavy mechanical stresses. [2][3][4]6,7 PVD hard coatings are mainly used because of their high hardness and excellentThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…Despite many studies and analyses performed so far, the application of thermo-chemical treatment consisting in nitriding is still a current research field. The reason for it is that, as it turns out, for each forging tool and process, individual parameters of such a treatment should be selected because only such can ensure increase of the durability of forging tools and instrumentation [26][27][28][29][30][31]. The use of hybrid coatings allows the fatigue strength to be improved by up to 80% [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the nitrided layer thickness of dies made of two types of tool steel used in hot extrusion of valve forgings made of nickel–chromium steel on the durability of these tools

Hawryluk

Lachowicz

Janik

et al. 2021

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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The study constitutes an analysis of the durability of dies used in the first operation of producing valve forgings from chromium–nickel steel (NCF 3015) for motor trucks. The average durability of the dies (subjected to standard thermal treatment and nitriding) in this operation equals about 800 forgings. To perform an in-depth analysis of the effect of the nitrided layer thickness (0.1 mm and 0.2 mm) and the tool material (W360 and QRO90) on the possibilities of increasing the die durability, complex studies were carried out, which included: a macroscopic analysis combined with 3D scanning, microstructural examinations using a scanning microscope and a metallographic microscope, as well as hardness measurements. A minimum of three tools were tested for different variants, and for each of them, one representative die was selected for detailed examinations. The research showed the presence of abrasive wear, thermo-mechanical fatigue and traces of adhesive wear as well as plastic deformation on the surface of the working impressions. Also observed was the effect of the extruded material sticking to the tools (high friction and the presence of intermetallic phases in the extruded material) and the forging being blocked in the smallest section of the die, which is a critical factor causing a production shutdown and the necessity of tool replacement. The highest mean durability equalling 2600 forgings was obtained for the dies with a lower carbon content and a higher content of vanadium and the nitrided layer thickness at the level of 0.2 mm. The lowest mean durability (after one forging item) was recorded for the dies made of steel with a higher carbon content and a higher chromium content, forming less stable compound carbides and the thickness layer at the level of 0.1 mm.

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Effect of Plasma Nitriding Pretreatment on the Mechanical Properties of AlCrSiN-Coated Tool Steels

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Influence of the nitrided layer thickness of dies made of two types of tool steel used in hot extrusion of valve forgings made of nickel–chromium steel on the durability of these tools

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