Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma on the in vitro Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Distinct Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds: The Specific Surface Area Makes a Difference

Abstract

The in vitro effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cell loading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is assessed on distinct resorbable and synthetic calcium phosphate scaffolds. A high specific surface area scaffold composed of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA; 48m2/g) is compared with one made out of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP; surface area <0.5 m2/g). Fivefold concentrated fresh PRP is applied to scaffolds loaded with 2 x 10(5) MSC (n = 5). These constructs are kept in a medium with osteogenic supplements for 3 weeks. The addition of PRP leads to a higher cell loading efficiency of MSC on CDHA (p = 0.0001), that reaches the values of beta-TCP. Proliferation over 21 days is improved by PRP both on CDHA (p = 0.0001) and beta-TCP (p = 0.014) compared to MSC/calcium phosphate composites. Without the addition of PRP, CDHA has a lower cell loading efficiency (p= 0.0001) and proliferation (p= 0.001) than beta-TCP. The ALP activity is higher in the MSC/ceramics groups than in the monolayer controls (p<0.05). The addition of PRP does not significantly affect ALP activity. However, ALP activity varies considerably within the cell donors and different PRP-pools (p = 0.001), while the cell numbers do not vary within these two parameters. PRP generates a positive effect on the loading efficiency of MSC on the high specific surface scaffold CDHA that thereby reaches the loading efficiency of beta-TCP. PRP improved proliferation, but its osteogenic properties on both calcium phosphate scaffolds are weak.

Platelet‐rich plasma on calcium phosphate granules promotes metaphyseal bone healing in mini‐pigs

“…3 Secondly, the physicochemical properties such as porosity, particle size, surface topography and resorption rate influence strongly the osteopromoting properties in vivo. 1,3,22,23 Thus, Kasten et al demonstrate on a rabbit critical-size long bone defect that PRP combined with calciumdeficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) ceramics is potent to regenerate more bone than in ␤-tricalciumphosphate (␤-TCP) ceramics. 3,22,24 The authors hypothesized that the higher surface area of CDHA causes more extensive and longer absorption of the PRP, while the rough surface of the CDHA may cause a stronger degranulation of the platelets' ␣-granules in the PRP.…”

“…This may result in a stronger release of growth factors. 3,22,24 Following the implantation of structural polymeric scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone and tricalcium phosphate particles (PLC-TCP) in combination with PRP in a goat femur segmental defect, Rai et al 13 were able to identify accelerated early vascular ingrowth and improved longterm functional integration in comparison to the control group without using PRP. Wiltfang et al, on the other hand, were not able to establish any positive effect of the combination of PRP and ␤-TCP ceramics on a criticalsize forehead defect in pigs.…”

Partnership between platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells: in vitro experience

“…PRP can be incorporated in a gel or powdered form to the 3D scaffold, generally used for bone or cartilage tissue engineering. Other studies examine MSCs-scaffold constructs with culture medium supplemented with PRP, and observed not only enhanced cell proliferation but improved cell loading into the scaffolds 49 . PRP benefits have also been reported in terms of cell adhesion and colonization of the biomaterial scaffold 29 .…”

Association of mesenchymal stem cells with platelet rich plasma on the repair of critical calvarial defects in mice

“…At the context the use of a modern therapeutic arsenal, some research associate mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with different growth factors, among them, the factors coming from the Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), important in the induction of bone formation 2 .…”