Effect of ploidy on stomatal and other quantitative traits in plantain and banana hybrids

Vandenhout, Hilde; Ortíz, Rodomiro; Vuylsteke, D; Swennen, Rony; Bai, K. Vijaya

doi:10.1007/bf01678038

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Our results of phenotype evaluation confirmed that in apple, the higher ploidy level of triploids is generally associated with increased sizes of stomata, leaves, flowers and/or fruits as in many other plant genera such as tea (Wachira, 1994), banana, plantain (Vandenhout et al, 1995) and mulberry (Laltanmawii and Roychowdhuri, 2010). PereiraLorenzo et al (2009) reported that apple triploids produce on average 15% heavier apples, whereas we found that the fruits of triploids were on average 25.8% larger than those of diploids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits

Podwyszyńska

Kruczyńska

Machlańska

et al. 2016

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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Apple species and cultivars differ in nuclear (2C) DNA content and ploidy level. The majority of these genotypes are diploids, but there are some triploids and a few tetraploids. Nuclear DNA content is a specific feature and its flow cytometric evaluation can be helpful in differentiating taxa. For many apple genotypes -including all the Polish ones, these characteristics are not known. 2C DNA was evaluated in relation to leaf, flower, fruit, pollen grain and stomata sizes as well as to the flowering time for seventy genotypes (including 46 Polish cultivars) gathered in the gene bank of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland. For standard cultivars with the known chromosome number, 2C value was 1.71 pg for diploid cultivar 'Alwa' (2n=2x=34), 2.55 pg for triploid 'Boskoop' (3x=51), and 3.37 pg for tetraploid genome (4x=68) of mixoploid 'McIntosh 2x+4x'. In 61 cultivars (including 41 Polish ones), the nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.58 to 1.78 pg indicating their diploid chromosome number. Five cultivars were identified as triploids ('Bursztówka Polska', 'Pagacz', 'Rapa Zielona', 'Rarytas Śląski' and 'Witos') owing to their nuclear DNA amount ranging between 2.42 and 2.58 pg. Leaf, flower, fruit, stomata and pollen grain sizes were on average significantly larger in triploids. Thus, in 3x plants the mean leaf surface was 49.1 cm 2 , flower diameter -52.4 mm, fruit weight -204.7 g, stomata length -32.1 μm and pollen grain diameter -33.7 μm, whereas in diploids -36.0 cm 2 , 46.1 mm, 162.7 g, 28.4 μm and 30.7 μm, respectively. Pollen grain viability was on average significantly higher in diploids (75.6%), compared to triploids (22%). These results confirm that in apple, as in many other plant species, the higher ploidy level of triploids is generally associated with increased sizes of pollen grains, stomata, flowers, fruits and leaves but decreased pollen viability. No clear correlation between ploidy level and flowering time was found. In the case of mixoploid apple genotypes possessing diploid and tetraploid genomes, some phenotype observation is helpful in describing the ploidy level of the histogenic layers, L1 and L2. Small stomata sizes (similar to diploid) indicate diploid L1 and larger leaf sizes, compared to diploid counterparts, show tetraploid L2. The results will be used for breeding, in which it is important to determine maternal and paternal genotypes as well as the direction of the crossing that is of great importance in obtaining seeds and materials for further selection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits

Podwyszyńska

Kruczyńska

Machlańska

et al. 2016

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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“…Se encontró que los autotetraploides presentaron estomas más grandes, pero en menor cantidad por superfi cie foliar, en comparación con los diploides, por lo tanto, los tetraploides presentaron mayor tamaño de estomas que los diploides, en este sentido se concluye que el tamaño estomático es proporcional al nivel de ploidía, y la densidad estomática es inversamente proporcional al nivel de ploidía, coincidiendo con lo indicado por Borges (1971) quien señala que la densidad estomática en la superfi cie de las hojas es inversamente proporcional al nivel de ploidía. De igual forma Valerio et al (2002) y Vandenhout et al (1995, encontraron que los niveles más bajos de ploidía presentaban densidades estomáticas más altas y estomas pequeños, y a la inversa los niveles de ploidía más altos presentan menor densidad estomática y estomas grandes por superfi cie foliar. Por otro lado, se menciona que la densidad estomática e índice estomático son afectados por condiciones estresantes, tanto ambientales como nutricionales y que además dependen de la superfi cie de la hoja y de la especie (Bethke y Drew, 1992;Cañizares et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Viabilidad de polen, densidad y tamaño de estomas en autotetraploides y diploidesde Physalis ixocarpa

Ramírez-Godina¹,

Robledo-Torres²,

Foroughbakhch³

2013

Bot. Sci.

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4Autor para la correspondencia: varoto@prodigy.net.mx Resumen: Con el objetivo de estudiar el impacto de la autopoliploidía en la viabilidad de polen y el tamaño y frecuencia estomá-tica del tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa) se analizó el polen, tamaño y número de estomas de cinco poblaciones diploides y cinco autotetraploides formadas con colchicina. Las diez poblaciones se establecieron en campo, bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Para el estudio de viabilidad de polen, éste fue colectado y coloreado con acetocarmín al 1%. Los granos de polen redondeados y coloreados de rojo se consideraron viables y los constreñidos y sin teñir, no viables. Además, se estimó la densidad e índice estomático, largo y ancho de células oclusivas de estomas de la superfi cie adaxial y abaxial de la hoja. Los diploides tuvieron valores de viabilidad de polen y densidad estomática, signifi cativamente mayores que los autotetraploides (P ≤ 0.05); sin embargo, los diploides tuvieron granos de polen y estomas signifi cativamente más pequeños que los autotetraploides. Por lo tanto, la poliploidía si afectó la viabilidad del polen, ocasionado pérdida de fertilidad. Sin embargo, esta característica se puede evitar por selección de plantas con estabilidad meiótica, para incrementar la fertilidad de los autotetraploides. El aumento del tamaño celular muestra que los autopoliploides tienen el potencial de generar plantas más vigorosas, pero con una disminución en la fertilidad, aunque esta característica puede mejorarse al paso de varias generaciones, por lo que este tipo de estudios abre la posibilidad de iniciar nuevas estrategias para el mejoramiento del tomate de cáscara. Palabras clave: abaxial, adaxial, granos de polen, poliploidía, tomate de cáscara.

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“…Selain itu, ciri sitologi dilaporkan juga berkaitan erat dengan keragaman genetik. Ciri sitologi tersebut antara lain panjang stomata (Horak, 1972;Pryzywara et al, 1988;Hamill et al, 1992;Lozykowska, 2003;Beck et al, 2002), kerapatan stomata (Horak, 1972;Vandenhout et al, 1995;Beck et al, 2002), jumlah kloroplas pada sel penjaga stomata (Pryzywara et al, 1988;Lozykowska, 2003), dan ukuran sel epidermis (Griffiths et al, 1996).…”

Section: Latar Belakangunclassified

Kajian Morfologi, Sitologi, dan Struktur Anatomi Daun Nepenthes spp. asal Kalimantan Barat

2015

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The objective was to describe morphology, structure of anatomy, and cytology characters of the five species as well as to determine their differences each other. In the present study five Nepenthes from West Kalimantan were evaluated: N. veitchii, N. negleta, N. bicalcarata, N. clipeata, and N. hirsuta. Morfology analysis of five species Nepenthes showed different morphology in particular shape of pitcher that each species have a unique pitcher. Cytology analysis showed high variation between species. In general, it was demonstrated that N. bicalcarata tended to have bigger epidermal cells and stomata. N. bicalcarata had aktinocytik tipe of stomata and N. clipeata, N. veitchii, N. hirsuta, and N. negleta had anomocytik tipe of stomata. Stomata only had on the lower surface except N. negleta had stomata on the upper too. N. negleta had the higher of density and index stomata. The result of transversal showed variation of mesofil tissue (parenchim of palisade and spons). Epidermis cell was conducted in one layer with hipoepidermis cell more than one layer with the biggest size than epidermis cell. N. veitchii had more tricoma from the others species.

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Effect of ploidy on stomatal and other quantitative traits in plantain and banana hybrids

Cited by 69 publications

References 10 publications

Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits

Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits

Viabilidad de polen, densidad y tamaño de estomas en autotetraploides y diploidesde Physalis ixocarpa

Kajian Morfologi, Sitologi, dan Struktur Anatomi Daun Nepenthes spp. asal Kalimantan Barat

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