Effect of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) as natural polymers on mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, thus allowing them to contribute to the regeneration of various tissues, especially bone tissue. MSCs are now considered one of the most promising cell types in the field of tissue engineering. Traditional petri dish-based culture of MSCs generate heterogeneity, which leads to inconsistent efficacy of MSC applications. Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), are actively used for the manufacture of scaffolds that serve as carriers for MSC growth. The growth and differentiation of MSCs grown on PHA scaffolds depend on the physicochemical properties of the polymers, the 3D and surface microstructure of the scaffolds, and the biological activity of PHAs, which was discovered in a series of investigations. The mechanisms of the biological activity of PHAs in relation to MSCs remain insufficiently studied. We suggest that this effect on MSCs could be associated with the natural properties of bacteria-derived PHAs, especially the most widespread representative poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This biopolymer is present in the bacteria of mammalian microbiota, whereas endogenous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is found in mammalian tissues. The possible association of PHA effects on MSCs with various biological functions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in bacteria and eukaryotes, including in humans, is discussed in this paper.

Analysis of ceRNA networks during mechanical tension‐induced osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells

“…The wingless‐type (Wnt) signaling pathway, an extensively studied pathway, plays a crucial role in the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells [51]. The mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway, a key regulator of metabolism and physiology, has been reported to regulate the proliferation and osteogenic capacity of stem cells [52]. The mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators yes associated protein (YAP) and TAZ are the key downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway [53, 54].…”

Advances in Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration Techniques

“…Partial bone regeneration can be observed in bifurcation defects in dogs by the application of rigid absorbable membranes made of hydroxyapatite and PHB ( Reis et al, 2013 ). In addition, PHB not only degrades into non-toxic oligomers ( Chiulan et al, 2017 ), but also has been found to have positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells ( Voinova et al, 2019 ), which might be a suitable candidate for in vivo use in medical applications.…”

Innovative Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics in Cleft Palate Tissue Engineering

“…126,127 While PHAs have not been reported for in vivo cleft repair, their future use is promising given their efficacy in other bone regenerative applications. 126,[128][129][130][131] CLEFT PALATE TISSUE ENGINEERING 221…”

“…65,137,138 Polymer scaffolds alone generally produce less-impressive palate repair than their blends with ceramic materials (e.g., hydroxyapatite), or natural proteins (e.g., collagen, gelatin), or with osteoblast lineage-induced stem cells. 97,129,139,[142][143][144] More recent advancement in scaffold design has incorporated hybrid naturally derived biomaterials (e.g., collagen or chitosan) in combination with PCL and PLGA copolymer nanofibers, enabling superior osteogenic potential by bolstering the biomimetic and stimulating effects of natural polymers with the structural and mechanical stability of synthetic polymer materials. [145][146][147]…”