Effect of Porous Metal Flow Field in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell under Pressurized Condition

Ahn, Chi‐Yeong; Lim, Myung Su; Hwang, Wooncheol; Kim, S.; Park, Ji‐Eun; Lim, Jonghun; Choi, Insoo; Cho, Y.-H.; Sung, Yung‐Eun

doi:10.1002/fuce.201700042

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The surface physical property is critical when it comes to use GAs as electrodes for DMFCs, because DMFCs require GA to absorb certain amount of water to provide OH that is essential for methanol oxidation reaction on the catalysts' surface. Researchers have discovered pure graphene‐based GAs with high hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, which can be used to absorb organic compounds in the aqueous/oil mixtures . Our GA is found hydrophobic to pure deionized (DI) water, with an apparent contact angle of 116.1°.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Using GA to replace GDL and FFP can also alleviate the conventional fuel cells' rib and channel architecture issues which cause liquid accumulation. Ahn and co‐workers reported a homogenization of the methanol and oxygen transportations which led to a higher power performance of their DMFCs using foam‐like porous electrodes . From the perspective of structural optimization, GA, with its intrinsic properties such as light weight, high porous, high absorption capability, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A High‐Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology Enabled by Mediating High‐Concentration Methanol through a Graphene Aerogel

Liu

et al. 2018

Small Methods

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conventional DMFCs was significantly underdeveloped due to the mandatory usage of diluted methanol solutions as media, yielding a limit methanol transportation efficiency and the detrimental consequences. [2,3] Graphene aerogels (GAs), a group of carbon metamaterials, have attracted considerable interests for its potential applications, such as supercapacitors, [4] electrodes, [5,6] catalysis, [7,8] sensors, [9] and environmental remediation. [5,10,11] Their unique properties-high porosity, high surface area, ultralight weight (<10 mg cm −3 ), [12,13] excellent elasticity (>90% in compression), [14,15] and high electrical conductivity (≈10 S cm −1 ) [8,16,17] -have enabled wide applications such as electrodes and current collectors in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. [17][18][19][20] By far, most of the reported fabrications of GAs are in laboratory scale, i.e., chemical vapour deposition, [21] template-mediated assembly, [22] 3D-printing-based rapid manufacturing, [14,23] and self-assembly. [12,24] A fabrication strategy with potential to be scaled-up to being integrated to current industrial process would be highly desired. Taking the advantages of high porosity and high surface area, GAs can kinetically improve the electrochemical performance by offering diffusion-based mass transport, high absorption capacities, and ultrafast absorption rate for organic solvents and oils, as being explored previously by other researchers. The interesting results reported by Sun et al showed that their GA can absorb 344 times of its own weight of toluene completely within 5 s. [13] Li et al. prepared GA with absorption capacity of 229 times ethanol and 465 times chloroform of its own weight, respectively. [24] Traditional DMFCs require multiple components to fulfil the functions, e.g., methanol cartridge as reservoir, a gasdiffusion layer (GDL), and a flow field plate (FFP) for mass and heat transfer, current collection, fuel and oxygen diffusion, and kinetic control. Compared to the remarkable progresses on materials innovations for high energy performance, optimization of DMFC design for high energy output has been less exploited; therefore, challenges remains such as ohmic losses induced by the poor electrical conductivity of GDL and FFP, and bulky and heavy weight of FFP, because it was made from A facile methodology to fabricate graphene aerogel (GA), and its application in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), is demonstrated for the first time. A new GADMFC design is proposed by using GA to replace two main components within the DMFC-the gas-diffusion layer and the flow field plate. The results indicate a 24.95 mW cm −2 maximum power density of air polarization is obtained at 25 °C. The membrane electrolyte assembly has a 63.8% mass reduction compared to an ordinary one, which induced 3 times higher mass power density. Benefiting from its excellent organic solvent absorbency, the methanol crossover effect is dramatically suppressed while using 12 m methanol, therefore, a higher concentration or even pure methanol can...

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A High‐Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology Enabled by Mediating High‐Concentration Methanol through a Graphene Aerogel

Liu

et al. 2018

Small Methods

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“…The experimental results showed that the new structure can significantly reduce the methanol crossover rate, allowing µDMFC to operate at higher concentrations of methanol solution, which improves fuel utilization and energy efficiency. In 2017, Ahn et al [14] investigated the performance of foam metal single cells and stated that the performance of metal foam single cells is almost the same as that of conventional cells at 100% relative humidity and is better than that at 20% relative humidity and pressurization. Xue et al [15] deposited reduced graphene oxide in stainless-steel fiber mats to prepare the gas diffusion layer and cathode plate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance Optimization of μDMFC with Foamed Stainless Steel Cathode Current Collector

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Energies

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The micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) has attracted more and more attention in the field of new energy due to its simple structure, easy operation, and eco-friendly byproducts. In a μDMFC’s structure, the current collector plays an essential role in collecting the conduction current, and the rational distribution of gas and water. The choice of its material and flow fields would significantly impact the μDMFC’s performance. To this end, four different types of cathode current collector were prepared in this study. The materials selected were stainless steel (SS) and foam stainless steel (FSS), with the flow fields of hole-type and grid-type. The performance of the μDMFC with different types of cathode current collector was investigated by using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and discharging. The experimental results show that the maximum power density of μDMFC of the hole-type FSS cathode current collector is 49.53 mW/cm2 at 70 °C in the methanol solution of 1 mol/L, which is 115.72% higher than that of the SS collector. The maximum power density of the μDMFC with the grid-type FSS collector is 22.60 mW/cm2, which is 27.39% higher than that of the SS collector. The total impedance of the μDMFC of the FSS collector is significantly lower than that of the μDMFC of the SS collector, and the total impedance of the μDMFC with the hole-type flow field collector is lower than that of the grid-type flow field. The discharging of μDMFC with the hole-type FSS collector reaches its optimal value at 70 °C in the methanol solution of 1 mol/L.

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“…In recent years, electrochemically deposited 3D porous metal structures have shown promising potential to be utilized as electrode materials with large surface areas and high electronic conductivities for applications in fuel cells [29], batteries [30], electrocatalysts [31], and sensors [32]. The synthesis procedure involves the evolution of hydrogen bubbles, which act as dynamic soft templates during the electrodeposition process and create pores in the deposited metal layer.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of cuprous oxide on a porous copper framework for an improved photoelectrochemical performance

et al. 2021

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting can be an efficient and economically feasible alternative for hydrogen production if easily processed photoelectrodes made of inexpensive and abundant materials are employed. Here, we present the preparation of porous Cu2O photocathodes with good PEC performance using solely inexpensive electrodeposition methods. Firstly, porous Cu structures with delicate pore networks were deposited on flat Cu substrates employing hydrogen-bubble-assisted Cu deposition. In a second electrodeposition step, the porous Cu structures were mechanically reinforced and subsequently detached from the substrates to obtain free-standing porous frameworks. In a third and final step, photoactive Cu2O films were electrodeposited. The PEC water splitting performance in 0.5 M Na2SO4 (pH ∼6) shows that these photocathodes have photocurrents of up to −2.25 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE while maintaining a low dark current. In contrast, the Cu2O deposited on a flat Cu sample showed photocurrents only up to −1.25 mA cm−2. This performance increase results from the significantly higher reactive surface area while maintaining a thin and homogeneous Cu2O layer with small grain sizes and therefore higher hole concentrations as determined by Mott-Schottky analysis. The free-standing porous Cu2O samples show a direct optical transmittance of 23% (λ = 400–800 nm) and can therefore be used in tandem structures with a photoanode in full PEC cells. Graphical abstract

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Effect of Porous Metal Flow Field in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell under Pressurized Condition

Cited by 20 publications

References 78 publications

A High‐Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology Enabled by Mediating High‐Concentration Methanol through a Graphene Aerogel

A High‐Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology Enabled by Mediating High‐Concentration Methanol through a Graphene Aerogel

Performance Optimization of μDMFC with Foamed Stainless Steel Cathode Current Collector

Electrodeposition of cuprous oxide on a porous copper framework for an improved photoelectrochemical performance

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