Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.)Author's Accepted Manuscript This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractSodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting considerable attention with expectation of replacing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs).To explore high performance anode materials for SIBs is highly desired subject to the current anode research mainly limited to carbonaceous materials. In this study, a series of transition metal oxides (TMOs) is successfully demonstrated as anodes forSIBs for the first time. The sodium uptake/extract is confirmed in the way of reversible conversion reaction. The pseudocapacitance-type behavior is also observed in the contribution of sodium capacity. For Fe 2 O 3 anode, a reversible capacity of 386 mAh g -1 at 100 mA g -1 is achieved over 200 cycles; as high as 233 mAhg -1 is sustained even cycling at a large current-density of 5 A g -1 .
Over the past decade, the most common approach to creating liquid shedding surfaces has been to amplify the effects of nonwetting surface chemistry, using micro/ nanotexturing to create superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces. Recently, an alternative approach using impregnation of micro/nanotextured surfaces with immiscible lubricating liquids to create slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) has been developed. These types of surfaces open up new opportunities to study the mechanism of evaporation of sessile droplets in zero contact angle hysteresis situations where the contact line is completely mobile. In this study, we fabricated surfaces consisting of square pillars (10−90 μm) of SU-8 photoresist arranged in square lattice patterns with the center-to-center separation between pillars of 100 μm, on which a hydrophobic coating was deposited and the textures impregnated by a lubricating silicone oil. These surfaces showed generally low sliding angles of 1°or less for small droplets of water. Droplet profiles were more complicated than on nonimpregnated surfaces and displayed a spherical cap shape modified by a wetting ridge close to the contact line due to balancing the interfacial forces at the line of contact between the droplet, the lubricant liquid and air (represented by a Neumann triangle). The wetting ridge leads to the concept of a wetting "skirt" of lubricant around the base of the droplet. For the SLIP surfaces, we found that the evaporation of small sessile droplets (∼2 mm in diameter) followed an ideal constant contact angle mode where the apparent contact angle was defined from the intersection of the substrate profile with the droplet spherical cap profile. A theoretical model based on diffusion controlled evaporation was able to predict a linear dependence in time for the square of the apparent contact radius. The experimental data was in excellent quantitative agreement with the theory and enabled estimates of the diffusion constant to be obtained.
In the face of high costs and the insufficient energy density of current lithiumion batteries, aqueous rechargeable zinc (Zn)-air batteries with the advantages of low cost, environmental benignity, safety, and high energy density have been growing in importance in recent years. The practical application of Zn-air batteries, however, is severely restricted by the high overpotential, which is associated with the inherent sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of air electrocatalysts. Recently, engineering heterostructured/hybrid electrocatalysts with modulated interface chemistry have been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve the catalytic performance. Significant electronic effects, geometric effects, coordination effects, synergistic effects, and confinement effects occur at the heterostructure interface, which intensely affect electrocatalysts' performance in terms of intrinsic activity, active site density, and durability. In this review, the recent progress in the development of heterostructured air electrocatalysts by interface engineering is summarized. Particularly, the potential relationship between interface chemistry and oxygen electrocatalysis kinetics is bridged and outlined. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth outline of the crucial role of the well-defined interfaces towards fast oxygen electrocatalysis, and offers a solid scientific basis for the rational design of efficient heterostructured air electrocatalysts and beyond.
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