Effect of powder oxygen content on microstructure and mechanical properties of a laser additively-manufactured 12CrNi2 alloy steel

Dong, Zhihong; Kang, Hongwei; Xie, Yanhui; Chi, Changtai; Peng, Xuerong

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.091

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The high O powder representing excessive-high oxygen pick-up in process was produced by oxidizing the as-received 316L powder at 800°C under compressed air with 0.2 L/min flow rate for 20 minutes to simulate the oxygen pick-up level reported in the research community. [19,21] The chemical compositions of the three types of powder with different surface oxidation conditions are listed in Table I. The chemical composition of metallic elements was determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method.…”

Section: A the 316l Powder Materials Under Different Oxygen Pick-up Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact e-mail: Z.Li. 19 aspect of inclusion evolution, but limited information on the oxide evolution during the powder fusion process was reported from the material quality point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14,15] Researchers have studied the effect of the reused powder on the characteristics of powder flowability, packing density [16,17] and resultant mechanical performance of the as-processed components. [18][19][20] However, the effect of the reused powder with different oxygen pick-up contents on the oxide formation and evolution in the powder fusion is still not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxide Evolution During the Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel from Additive Manufacturing Powders with Different Oxygen Contents

Yang

Tang

Hao³

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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The oxide evolution during the solidification of 316L stainless steel from additive manufacturing powders with different oxygen contents is studied by in situ observation of the melting and solidification of the powder materials, advanced characterization of the solidified materials, and non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis. An oxide evolution map is established for the 316L powders with different oxygen contents. It reveals the relationship between the surface oxidation in the reused powder and its expected oxide species and morphology in the as-solidified component. For the 316L powder with oxygen content higher than ~ 0.039 pct, the liquid oxide formed first from the steel melt and then crystallized to certain oxide phases during solidification, while for the powder with lower oxygen, oxide phases are suggested to directly form from the steel melt. The oxide species in the as-solidified sample was predicted by the Scheil–Gulliver cooling calculation and verified by the TEM-based phase identification. The oxides formed in the melt of low O 316L alloy (0.0355 pct O) are predicted to be (Mn, Cr)Cr2O4 spinel and SiO2 oxide. In the high O (0.4814 pct O) 316L melt solidification, the final oxides formed are (Mn, Cr)Cr2O4 spinel, SiO2 oxide, and Cr2O3 corundum. As an important characteristic of powder materials, the oxygen pick-up due to the powder surface oxidation significantly influences the inclusion evolution in the powder fusion process.

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Section: A the 316l Powder Materials Under Different Oxygen Pick-up Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxide Evolution During the Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel from Additive Manufacturing Powders with Different Oxygen Contents

Yang

Tang

Hao³

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…12CrNi2 is a widely used low-carbon alloy carburized steel which is widely used in aerospace, electric power, petrochemical, marine, machinery, electronics, environmental protection, and other industries. The addition of nickel and chromium alloy elements can improve the hardenability of the steel and the strength and toughness of the carburized layer [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. It is the preparation material for the camshaft of nuclear power emergency diesel engines [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Residual Stress in the Curved Surface Forming of 12CrNi2 Alloy Steel by Laser Melting Deposition

Cui

Dong³

et al. 2020

Materials

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The performance and service life of the nuclear emergency diesel engine shaft made of 12CrNi2 alloy steel is very important for the safety of nuclear power. Laser melting deposition (LMD) is a challenging camshaft-forming technology due to its high precision, rapid prototyping, and excellent parts performance. However, LMD is an unsteady process under the local action of laser, especially for curved surface forming, which is more likely to generate large residual stress on components, resulting in cracks and other defects. At present, the stress research on LMD curved surface forming is relatively insufficient. In the present paper, material parameter testing, high-temperature mechanical properties analysis, single-track sample preparation, and heat source checks are conducted. At the same time, the ABAQUS software and the DFLUX heat source subroutine are used to compile the curved double-ellipsoidal moving heat source, and the effects of the temperature-dependent thermophysical parameters and phase change latent heat on the temperature field are considered. A three-dimensional finite element model is established to analyze the thermal stress evolution and residual stress distribution of multi-track multi-layer on a curved surface by LMD, and the effect of the scanning method and interlayer cooling time on the residual stress of the formed components is studied. The results show that with the increase in temperature, the strength of the material reduces, and the fracture morphology of the material gradually transitions from ductile fracture to creep fracture. The material parameters provide a guarantee for the simulation, and the errors of the width and depth of the melt pool are 4% and 9.6%, respectively. The simulation and experiment fit well. After cooling, the maximum equivalent stress is 686 MPa, which appears at the junction of the substrate and the deposited layer. The larger residual stress is mainly concentrated in the lower part of the deposited layer, where the maximum circumferential stress and axial stress are the tensile stress. Compared with the axial parallel lap scanning method, the arc copying lap scanning method has a relatively smaller maximum thermal stress and residual stress after cooling. The residual stress in the deposited layer is increased to some extent with the increase in the interlayer cooling time.

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“…There are some investigations about this steel for manufacturing high-duty components. Dong et al [4] investigated the effect of oxygen content on microstructures and mechanical properties of this steel using direct laser metal deposition. Their results showed that a little amount of oxygen in the powder can adversely affect the mechanical properties of DLMD part and components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of laser power and deposition environment on the microstructure and properties of direct laser metal-deposited 12CrNi2 steel

Ebrahimnia¹,

Xie²,

Chi

2019

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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Direct laser metal deposition was used for preparing blocks of steel 12CrNi2 using four different laser powers under two different deposition environments including atmospheric environment and Ar-protected chamber. The results showed that microstructures and mechanical properties were significantly affected by different laser powers. Increasing laser power and deposition in Ar chamber will lead to a decrease in the quantity and size of the voids, which brings more elongation to the samples. Bainitic microstructure was replaced by Widmanstatten ferrite and pearlite, and the amount of proeutectoid ferrite increased with increasing laser power. Moreover, microstructures of previous layers were completely altered in high laser power. Excessive heat accumulation by using high heat input can produce equiaxed ferritic grains with the pearlites in previously deposited layers. Hardness of deposited samples increased from the bottom layer toward the top layer. By using a diode laser with a spot diameter size of 2 mm, the 900-W laser power is suitable for producing crack-and void-free samples. However, post-deposition heat treatment is necessary for obtaining homogeneous desired microstructure and grain size in the manufactured samples.

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Effect of powder oxygen content on microstructure and mechanical properties of a laser additively-manufactured 12CrNi2 alloy steel

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Oxide Evolution During the Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel from Additive Manufacturing Powders with Different Oxygen Contents

Oxide Evolution During the Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel from Additive Manufacturing Powders with Different Oxygen Contents

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Residual Stress in the Curved Surface Forming of 12CrNi2 Alloy Steel by Laser Melting Deposition

Effect of laser power and deposition environment on the microstructure and properties of direct laser metal-deposited 12CrNi2 steel

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