Effect of pre‐oxidation on coke formation and metal dusting of electroplated Ni3Al–CeO2‐based coatings in CO–H2–H2O

Liu, H.; Chen, W.

doi:10.1002/maco.200804077

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of roughly one monolayer of sulphur on the H 2 S exposed surface, even with exposure to only 1 ppm H 2 S. Finally, while the addition of H 2 S clearly minimises catalytic carbon formation, it does not have an effect on the ethane cracking initiation temperature or on the ethane cracking mechanism in the convection section, as seen from the similarity in the products obtained with and without an SS304H sample present. 8 Mass spectrometry data of ethane-steam gas mixture exiting quartz tube reactor containing SS304H coupon showing changes in intensities of molecular mass of various fragments due to ethane cracking. Quartz tube with SS304H coupon was heated to 700uC and changes in intensities of molecular mass of various fragments are plotted as a function of time and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these involves the deposition of a protective oxide layer, such as Al oxide, Si oxide and/or Cr(III) oxide, selected due to the low solubility of carbon in oxides. [6][7][8][9][10] In some cases, the layers have been deposited on the metal surface using sputtering methods. 11 Also, alloys rich in Cr, Al or Si are more carbon tolerant as these components can form protective oxides at the surface of the alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon formation on stainless steel 304H in convection section of ethane cracking plant

Ramezanipour

Singh

Paulson

et al. 2014

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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The coking of stainless steel 304H alloy (SS304H) has been investigated in ethane-steam mixtures in the presence/absence of a few ppm of H 2 S at 700uC. In this, first detailed study of the influence of H 2 S on carbon morphology on SS304H, we show that the addition of H 2 S greatly altered the carbon morphology, in the long-term experiments (90 h). For shorter exposure times (4 h), carbon formation decreased as H 2 S concentration was increased. This improved carbon tolerance of SS304H is likely due to adsorption of sulphfur on its surface. Addition of H 2 S did not change ethane cracking temperature or product distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon formation on stainless steel 304H in convection section of ethane cracking plant

Ramezanipour

Singh

Paulson

et al. 2014

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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“…While electrodeposition is considered a mature field with well-established commercial processes, the method has not been widely reported as a surface treatment for hydrocarbon cracking applications. There are only a few patents that primarily focus on chromium plating to mitigate coke deposition in steam crackers, , and previously reported electroplated Ni 3 Al coatings with CeO 2 particles have shown limited improvement in coke mitigation over uncoated Fe–Ni–Cr alloys. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only a few patents that primarily focus on chromium plating to mitigate coke deposition in steam crackers, 23,24 and previously reported electroplated Ni 3 Al coatings with CeO 2 particles have shown limited improvement in coke mitigation over uncoated Fe− Ni−Cr alloys. 25,26 Electrolytic manganese coatings are produced commercially at large scales, and many operating conditions have been previously studied, 27,28 from which we selected a set of conditions to use in this work as a proof-of-concept to form an anticoking surface on a Fe−Ni−Cr alloy substrate (Incoloy 800H). Following Mn electroplating, we used an anodization process to controllably form a Mn-oxide surface layer and then thermally pretreated the coatings under a H 2 −H 2 O mixture.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticoking Performance of Electrodeposited Mn/MnO Surface Coating on Fe–Ni–Cr Alloy during Steam Cracking

Bukhovko

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Eng. Au

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Manganese electrodeposition and anodization are performed on an Fe−Ni−Cr alloy (Incoloy 800H) to form an Mn/MnO surface coating after thermal pretreatment. The Mn/ MnO-coated alloy is coked under simulated steam cracking conditions in ethylene-steam, and its anticoking performance is compared with pretreated, uncoated alloys. The mass of deposited coke during repeated coking cycles is measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and also determined from the measured CO/CO 2 concentrations during decoking with air. Compared to the uncoated alloys that have Cr 2 O 3 -rich surfaces, the Mn/MnO-coated alloy shows 30−40% less deposited coke and a peak coke oxidation temperature reduced by about 100 °C. The Mn/MnO surface coating is hypothesized to reduce coke deposition by limiting the amount of Fe/Ni species on the surface and by catalyzing coke gasification/oxidation reactions via the formation of catalytically active Mn 3+ species.

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“…Alloys with sufficient amounts of aluminum or chromium can form an Al 2 O 3 or Cr 2 O 3 layer on their surface by reacting with oxygen, in order to protect the base material against metal dusting [1]. For such applications in reducing-, carbon-supersaturated (a c >1) gaseous atmosphere, there was usual to preoxidize the alloys before their operational employment [2,3]. This type of corrosion occurs at elevated temperatures between 400 and 800°C in an environment containing mainly CO, H 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Si-Content on the High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of NiCrBSi-Coatings

Strübbe

Mărginean

Şerban

2014

SSP

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The high temperature oxidation behaviour of Ni-Cr-B-Si coatings with a higher Si-content was investigated in order to evaluate the suitability of such materials especially for novel applications concerning highly aggressive environments like metal dusting. Metal dusting is a corrosion phenomenon that occurs in reducing-, carbon-supersaturated (ac>1) gaseous atmosphere, containing CO, H2, CO2 and H2O, at elevated temperatures between 400 and 800°C. Metal dusting reactions can be classified into two types. The first one concerns Fe-alloys, where Fe3C is growing on the surface. The second one is related to the reaction of Ni, Co and their alloys, where the destruction takes place through inward growth or direct ingrowth of graphite, without forming the metastable Fe3C. Regarding to the literature, metal dusting is typically encountered in industrial furnaces, but mainly in the chemical or petrochemical industry. The way to suppress metal dusting is to stop the dissociation of the carbon source or to stop the carbon ingress in the material. One possibility in order to avoid the carburization of Fe, Ni, Co and their alloys is to preoxidize the samples. Based on the reducing atmosphere, where metal dusting occurs, the isothermal outsourcing for the formation of a protective Al-, Cr- or Si-oxide layer on the samples in air is mostly necessary. The role of a stable Al2O3 and Cr2O3-layer on the sample as a diffusion barrier against the carbon ingress, based on their low solubility for carbon, has already been investigated and proved by many scientists. The formation of a protective and thermodynamically very stable SiO2 scale was also investigated. Within the scope of this work, the influence of a higher Si-content (4,5 wt%) in NiCrBSi-alloys, depending on the temperature, was analyzed. For this purpose the samples were oxidized in air at 600, 700 and 800°C respectively. The surface morphology and the phase composition of the grown oxide scales were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The experimental results demonstrate the importance of silicon content on the coatings properties, respectively on the stability of the formed oxide scale (free of micro cracks, no spallation). This element is able to form beside chromium, a dense oxide layer on the sample surface, protecting it against further degradation induced by the atmosphere in different high temperature applications. Moreover, the increased chromium content of the feedstock powder (from 10 wt% in previous work to 12,5 wt%) demonstrated that the Ni-Cr-B-Si coatings exposed at 600°C, 700°C as well as at 800°C were not susceptible to internal oxidation.

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Effect of pre‐oxidation on coke formation and metal dusting of electroplated Ni₃Al–CeO₂‐based coatings in CO–H₂–H₂O

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Carbon formation on stainless steel 304H in convection section of ethane cracking plant

Carbon formation on stainless steel 304H in convection section of ethane cracking plant

Anticoking Performance of Electrodeposited Mn/MnO Surface Coating on Fe–Ni–Cr Alloy during Steam Cracking

Influence of the Si-Content on the High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of NiCrBSi-Coatings

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