Effect of Predigested Artificial Diet Using Papain Enzyme on the Degree of Protein Hydrolysis and Protease Enzyme Activity of Mud Crab (Scylla olivacea) Larvae at Zoea 2 and 3 Stages

Abstract

Haryati, Yushinta Fujaya, and Edison Saade. 2018. Effect of Predigested Artificial Diet Using Papain Enzyme on the Degree of Protein Hydrolysis and Protease Enzyme Activity of Mud Crab (Scylla olivacea) Larvae at Zoea 2 and 3 Stages. Aquacultura Indonesiana, 19 (2): 76-82. The ability of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) larvae to digest artificial diet depends on the availability of digestive enzyme. To enhance the larvaes capability to utilize artificial diet can be conducted by adding exogenous enzyme to the diet.The aim of this research was to determine the dose of papain enzyme and stadia of predigest artificial diet that produced the best degree of protein hydrolysis and protease enzyme activity. Completely randomized designwas used to evaluate the effect of papain enzyme dose on the degree of protein, with four treatment and three replications, namely the doses of 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%. Factorial pattern with the completely randomized design was used to evaluate the effect of papain enzyme dose and the proper predigest artificial feeding stage on the activity of protease enzyme. The first factor was the papain enzyme dose (0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%), while second factor was the stadia of larvae when it is fed with predigested artificial diet (zoea 2 and zoea 3 stadia). The research showed that the difference of papain enzyme dose provides real effect on degree of protein hydrolysis either on JP 0 or JP 1 diet brands (P<0.05). Degree of protein hydrolysis of the diet predigested with 0.0% papain enzyme was the lowest and has real difference (P<0.05) with the 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% doses. Degree of protein hydrolysis on 3% dose of papain enzyme does not provide real difference with the 4.5%, namely 19.753% and 22.890% respectively in JP 0, 18.707 % and 20.430 % in JP 1, but has real difference (P<0.05) with 1.5% doses. The difference papain enzyme dose and stadia of predigest artificial diet as well as the interaction between both of them had significant effect (p<0.05) on the activity of protease enzyme. On the larvae of zoea 2 stadia, the activity of protease enzyme on the larvae fed with predigest artificial diet starting from zoea 2 stadia with 3.0% and 4.5% papain enzyme dose or those still fed with natural diet does not provide real difference, but is higher and provides real difference than 0% and 1.5% doses. On the larvae of zoea 3 stadia, the activity of protease enzyme to the larvae fed with artificial diet starting from zoea 2 with 0% and 1.5% papain enzyme doses, and those fed with artificial diet starting from zoea 3 stadia with 0% papain enzyme dose does not provide real difference (p>0.05) but is lower and provides real difference than other treatments. Protease enzyme activity on the larvae fed with predigest artificial diet using 4.5% papain enzyme starting at zoea 2 stadia , was not significantly different (P <0.05) compared to larvae fed artificial diet which was predigest with 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0 and 4.5 papain enzyme started at Zoea 3. Based on the degree of protein hydrolysis, papain enzymes ca...

The Effectiveness Of Additional Papain Enzyme In Artificial Diets On Protein Hydrolysis And Protease Enzyme Activity, White Snapper Larva (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790)

“…This has been proven by several previous studies such as that conducted by Hamzah et al (2015) showing that artificial diet predigest using papain enzyme at a dose of 4% is able to speed up the artificial feeding time for star pomfret (Tracinotus blochii) larvae to 12 days, where in Putri's research (2015) said that without giving predigest diet, artificial diet on star pomfret larvae could be given at the age of 18 days. Similar results were obtained from a study conducted by Haryati et al (2018) on the mangrove crab species (Scylla olivacea) showing that predigesting artificial diet for larvae using the enzyme papain 4.5% was able to speed up the artificial feeding time for mud crab larvae, namely at stadia zoea 2 , where in a previous study conducted by Haryati et al (2014) on mud crab larvae showed that protease, lipase and -amylase enzymes began to be produced at zoea 3 and at that stage it was suspected that new artificial diet could be given. Then further research by Haryati et al (2015) on mangrove crab (Scylla olivacea) larvae showed that protease, lipase and -amylase enzymes were given artificial diet to zoea 2 were still low.…”

“…In contrast to the treatment using the papain enzyme, which had a higher enzyme activity, this was due to the activity of the protease enzyme in larvae aged 14, 17 and 20 days, diet that was predigested with the enzyme papain at a concentration of 4.5% which then played a role in triggering more optimal enzyme activity in hydrolyze diet protein. This is in line with the opinion of Haryati, et al (2018); Amalia, et al (2013); Hasan (2000) that the presence of enzymes in artificial diet can help and speed up the digestive process so that enough nutrients can be available for the growth and survival of fish. The more enzymes added to the diet, it will produce more protein which is hydrolyzed into amino acids, so it will increase the digestibility of the fish to the diet.…”

“…The value of the low degree of hydrolysis was obtained at a dose of 0% and 1.5% papain enzyme, this was because the enzyme dose was not sufficient to hydrolyze the existing substrate. The degree of protein hydrolysis is influenced by several factors, namely the enzyme dose, hydrolysis time, and the enzymes used (Haryati et al, 2018). Kurniawan's research (2012) on the hydrolysis process of squid ink protein using the papain enzyme resulted in the degree of hydrolysis between 1.69%-34.51%, with the smallest hydrolysis degree value found in the P0 treatment (0% enzyme concentration) of 1.69% and the highest degree of hydrolysis was found in the P2 treatment (2% enzyme concentration) which was 34.51%.…”

“…Kurniawan's research (2012) on the hydrolysis process of squid ink protein using the papain enzyme resulted in the degree of hydrolysis between 1.69%-34.51%, with the smallest hydrolysis degree value found in the P0 treatment (0% enzyme concentration) of 1.69% and the highest degree of hydrolysis was found in the P2 treatment (2% enzyme concentration) which was 34.51%. Meanwhile, Haryati (2018) investigated the hydrolysis of artificial diet with papain enzymes in mud crab (Scylla olivacea) larvae in zoea 2 and 3 phases resulting in the degree of protein hydrolysis in JP0 and JP1. JP0 and JP1 are types of commercially made diet used in the form of powder, JP0 is given from zoea stage 1 while JP1 is given at zoea stage 3.…”

“…Hamzah (2015) conducted a study on the effectiveness of adding papain enzyme to artificial diet on the survival and growth of star pomfret (Tracinotus blochii, Lacepede 1801) larvae which in his research showed that the addition of papain enzyme 4% at the age of 12 and 15 days in artificial diet of fish larvae star pomfret has been shown to have an effect on protease enzyme activity, survival and daily growth. Haryati (2018) studied the effect of artificial diet predigest using papain enzyme on the degree of protein hydrolysis and protease enzyme activity of mud crab larvae (Scylla olivacea) in zoea 2 and 3 where it was found that with the use of papain enzyme 4.5% mud crab larvae began to develop fed on zoea 2. However, the use of predigest diet with papain enzyme in the rearing of barramundi larvae has never been done.…”