The phagocytosis of both viable and heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus by normal human neutrophils was diminished in the presence of pregnancy serum.Particle ingestion was reduced significantly ( P < 0.0025) after 5 minutes of incubation when leukocytes were in 15% serum obtained during the latter phases of gestation. Control sera from normal adult females or males or from cord blood all functioned normally in support of phagocytosis. Intracellular metabolic events occurring after ingestion, including bacterial killing and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, were decreased in proportion to the number of particles ingested. Differential studies involving leukocytes obtained from either preg-