Effect of Preliminary Infestation of Three Stored Grain Insect Pests Tribolium castaneum, (H) Sitophils oryzae (L.) and Trogoderma granarium (E), their Population Buildup, Loss of Germination and Consequently Wheat Loss during Storage

Post‐harvest management constraints are economically significant in Africa for a broad range of commodities, resulting in a substantial negative impact on food security and livelihoods. Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) coexists with Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) – they infest stored cereal grains, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa, and cause significant losses in storage. Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Theocolax elegans (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), alone or in combination, in suppressing populations of R. dominica and S. oryzae in stored rice and wheat grains. The weight loss and moisture of the infested grains were assessed, for the various combinations of the two pest insects and the two natural enemies. In rice there was a synergistic effect of the combined release of T. elegans and X. flavipes against both R. dominica and S. oryzae compared to the effect of one natural enemy alone. With the combined release, only 2% F1 progeny of the pest beetles emerged compared to the untreated control (100%), whereas 3.5 and 6% emerged when X. flavipes and T. elegans, respectively, were released alone. When the two natural enemies were released in combination, 0.4% R. dominica F1 progeny emerged, compared to 1.6% with X. flavipes or T. elegans alone. In the combined release only 0.3% S. oryzae F1 progeny emerged, whereas 65% emerged with X. flavipes alone and 41% with T. elegans alone. No synergistic effect of the combined release of the two natural enemies was detected in wheat. In stored rice, the lowest percentage of weight loss (44%) was found when both natural enemies and both beetle species were present. We conclude that the combination of the predator and the parasitoid should be recommended when R. domininca and S. oryzae coexist and feed on stored cereals, especially rice.

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Discrepancy in germination behavior and physico‐chemical quality traits during wheat storage

Abdullah

Zulkiffal

Din

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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Wheat is admired food crop that plays its role in food security in many mounting countries like Pakistan. Although harvesting time and various storage systems exert a major impact on wheat but high temperature and humidity during storage are detrimental for wheat grain health, quality, and germination knack. High storage temperature shoddily affects wheat quality. During safe wheat storage, moisture content should array from 8% to 14%. Refrigeration circumstances are imperative vehicles for the stored wheat grains to obtain utmost germination, quality, and preclusion from insect infestation. To retain better wheat quality, it should be stored below 25°C at 60% relative humidity. Some insects deteriorate wheat germination, damage the grains and cause substantial weight losses but the underlying problem may be effectively overcome with the natural fumes under hermetic conditions which also stimulates germination. Insect control in stored wheat through chemical method has residual effect and is perilous for human health. Practical applications Wheat is the only major food crop that is cultivated in more than 60 countries of the world and 10%–20% of human daily calorie intake is fulfilled by this crop. It is very vital crop for the food security of many developing countries including Pakistan. Although wheat is mainly influenced by harvesting time and storage structures yet other factors such as moisture content, storage temperature, storage humidity, and insect infestation at storage are explained in this review which are detrimental for wheat storage stability, grain health, nutritional quality, and germination knack. Besides this, effect of storage period on grain nutritional quality under various storage facilities is described too. Furthermore, optimum keeping conditions and effective solution to minimize insect damage of stored wheat grain are described in order to ensure national food security and to avoid greater losses in gain quantity, quality, and germination ability.

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Effect of Preliminary Infestation of Three Stored Grain Insect Pests Tribolium castaneum, (H) Sitophils oryzae (L.) and Trogoderma granarium (E), their Population Buildup, Loss of Germination and Consequently Wheat Loss during Storage

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Extent and pattern of damage in wheat caused by three different species of storage insect pests

Extent and pattern of damage in wheat caused by three different species of storage insect pests

Predator‐parasitoid‐host interaction: biological control of Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae by a combination of Xylocoris flavipes and Theocolax elegans in stored cereals

Discrepancy in germination behavior and physico‐chemical quality traits during wheat storage

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