Effect of Pressure Distribution on Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Based Hybrid Composites Made from the Milkfish Bones

Abstract

The milkfish bones (chanos-chanos forsk/CCF) which contain of Ca 4%, P 3% and protein 32% are a waste material. It is necessary to process the waste into a new product so that it can be used optimally. The milkfish content contains various metallic elements which can be combined metallurgically with aluminum (Al) as a matrix and Titanium (Ti)/magnesium (Mg) as a wetting element which will give an interface between materials. With that advantages, the milkfish bones can be used as a composite material with a content of more than one type of matrix that is being used as a composite hybrid. Milkfish bone material calcined at temperature of 500-700OC, and made into Hydroxyapatite (HAp). This material was made as reinforced by mixing on Al with Mg and lightweight metal as well so that it can be processed into hybrid composite material. The study refers to the influenced of the stress distribution at the process of composites based on CCF calcination on the mechanical properties that was produced by self-high propagating temperatures synthesis (SHS) methods. The experiment used 3 types of sample with different composition each sample. The first type of sample composition used 80% HAp, 10% Al, 4% Mg, 3% Ti and 3% Cu with a pressing operated at 461.2 MPa which resulted in maximum mechanical hardness of 167-239 HV10. The second type of sample composition used 80% HAp, 10% Al, 4% Mg, 2% Ti, 2% Cu, and an addition of 2% Al2O3 ceramics with operational pressure reached at 691.7 MPa which resulted in a hardness value of 229-349 HV10. The third type of sample composition used 80% HAp, 10% Al, 4% Mg, 2% Ti, 2% Cu and 2% SiC as a reinforced with operational pressure reached at 921.8 MPa and hardness value of 359-375 HV10.

Analysis of Stress Distribution of Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite by Finite Element Method

“…HAp is also found in the structure of human teeth, especially in dentine and enamel, therefore the role of HAp is very important in the world of human health [6]. HAp elements can be obtained from cow bones, where the main component of bone is organic minerals with a composition of about 65% which generally consists of apatite compounds, 25% organic compounds which generally consist of collagen, and 10% consists of water consisting of water which binds to mineral-collagen composite as well as unbound water molecules that flow freely through blood vessels in bone [7][8].…”

Ti/SiC Based Metal Matrix Composites by Using Self-Propagating High Temperatures Synthesis (SHS)

“…In the previous research work we have seen that Al and Ti have advantages in their use as a matrix [1,7]. Furthermore, Al-alloys have been used in the commercial applications for high strength-to density ratio due to high mechanical properties [7]. For the powder form, Al was compatible to merged by another materials.…”

Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites Based on Hydroxyapatite by Self-high Propagating Temperatures Synthesis (SHS)

“…Based on the heat released from the process reaction, it was able to regenerate itself. While the high temperature that is being produced is sufficient for the synthesis of the desired material product [7] Applying pressure to the exothermic reaction and heating process may result in biomaterial composite product consisting of some matrix materials such as Al-BC, HAp from cow bones, and coupling agent as the catalyst to create a bond between matrix and reinforcement [8][9]. The product is expected to be applicable for metal matrix composites (MMC) such as biomaterial components.…”