Effect of Process Parameters on the Synthesis of Polypyrrole by the Taguchi Method

Abstract

Polypyrrole is a conductive polymer that is widely used in electrochemical applications. To identify the effects of different parameters on the synthesis of polypyrrole, an experimental design based on an orthogonal array L 9 (3 4 ) proposed by Taguchi was applied. The parameters investigated were the oxidant type, molar ratio of oxidant: pyrrole, reaction time and dopant concentration, whereas the response variables observed were the yield, particle size and conductivity. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) characterization was used to study the morphology characteristics of the polypyrrole particles. Based on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), the molar ratio of oxidant: pyrrole and the oxidant type significantly affected the yield and conductivity of the synthesized polypyrrole particles.Keywords: design of experiment, conductive polymer, yield, particle size, conductivity Abstrak Polipirola merupakan polimer konduktif yang digunakan secara meluas dalam aplikasi elektrokimia. Bagi tujuan mengenal pasti kesan-kesan parameter yang berbeza pada sintesis polipirola, reka bentuk eksperimen berdasarkan ortogon L 9 (3 4 ) yang dicadangkan oleh Taguchi telah digunakan. Parameter yang dikaji ialah jenis oksidan, nisbah molar oksidan: pirola, masa tindak balas dan kepekatan pendopan, manakala pemboleh ubah sambutan yang diperhatikan adalah jumlah hasil, saiz zarah dan kekonduksian. Pencirian FESEM telah digunakan untuk mengkaji morfologi zarah polipirola. Berdasarkan nisbah isyarat-hingar (S/N) dan hasil analisis varians (ANOVA), nisbah molar oksidan: pirola dan jenis oksidan memberi kesan yang ketara kepada hasil dan kekonduksian dari sintesis polipirola.Kata kunci: reka bentuk eksperimen, polimer konduktif, jumlah hasil, saiz zarah, kekonduksian IntroductionConducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh), have found many industrial applications due to their unique characteristics, such as the dual function of ionic and electronic conductivity, large surface area and good mechanical properties [1][2][3][4]. Among the conductive polymers, PPy has attracted much attention because of its high conductivity [5], good environmental stability [6], electrocatalytic activity [7] and ease of synthesis [8]. Therefore, it has been widely used in electrochemical applications (e.g., as an

Synthesis and factor affecting on the conductivity of polypyrrole: a short review

“…Electrical conductivity enables materials to be utilized in electronic devices or as conducting membranes for sensor application 124,125 . The electrical conductivity of PPy is influenced by several crucial factors, such as type of oxidants, initial O/M, dopants or surfactants, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time 126‐128 . Based on the aid of Taguchi method, Utami et al 127 found that the type of oxidants and O/M are the two key factors that significantly affect PPy conductivity.…”

“…The electrical conductivity of PPy is influenced by several crucial factors, such as type of oxidants, initial O/M, dopants or surfactants, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time 126‐128 . Based on the aid of Taguchi method, Utami et al 127 found that the type of oxidants and O/M are the two key factors that significantly affect PPy conductivity. Moreover, factors such as the type of organic dyes and solvents also have a vital effect on PPy conductivity 129,130 .…”

Tunable size and shape of conductive poly(N‐methylaniline) based on surfactant template and doping

“…An increase in particle diameter with increasing oxidant‐to‐monomer ratio from 1:1 to 2.5:1 was observed. At a low oxidant concentration, NMA monomers are less oxidized into radicals leading to a slower polymerization process and consequently the formation of smaller particles …”

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Polypyrrole–Chitosan–BaFe2O4 Nanocomposite Layer to Detect the Sugar

“…Finally, the PPy-Chi-BaFe 2 O 4 composite layer was formed on the surface of the gold layer [16]. BaFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were scattered on the surface of layer, and it impressed the morphology of the PPy-Chi-BaFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite layer [31].…”