Effect of processing parameters on the vulcanisation of natural rubber using glutaraldehyde

Kalkornsurapranee, Ekwipoo; Yung-Aoon, Wanida; Songtipya, Ladawan; Johns, Jobish

doi:10.1080/14658011.2017.1323610

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The high ammonia concentrated latex with 60% dry rubber content (DRC) was purchased from Chalong Latex Industry (Songkhla, Thailand). Glutaraldehyde (GA) was procured from Wing Great Industry Co., Ltd, (Bangkok, Thailand) [ 14 , 15 ]. Carbon nanotube (CNT) with NC7000 grade was acquired from Nanocyl S.A. (Sambreville, Belgium) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CNT dispersion and a 12.5% GA aqueous solution were gradually introduced into NR latex while mechanically stirring at 200 rpm for 30 min. Subsequently, the mixture was cast onto a glass plate and dried in a hot air oven at 50 °C for 24 h [ 8 , 14 , 15 ]. The NR composite films were removed and introduced for morphological and mechanical characterizations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the crosslinking occurs between NR molecular chains and pentane-1,5-diylidenediamine by ‘ene’ reaction. Additionally, several studies have reported that this curing system offers better thermal stability compared to the sulfur cured system [ 12 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Promsung,

Chuaybamrung,

Georgopoulou

et al. 2024

Discover Nano

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled natural rubber (NR) composites with various CNT contents at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 phr were prepared by latex mixing method using glutaraldehyde as curing agent. This work aims to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of CNT filled NR vulcanizates. The CNT dispersion of NR composites was clarified using dispersion grader, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical properties of NR composites in the existing of CNT networks were studied by following the well-known percolation theory. It was observed that the NR composites exhibited low percolation threshold at 0.98 phr of CNT. Moreover, a three-dimensional network formation of CNT in the NR composites was observed and it is indicated by the t-value of 1.67. The mechanical properties of NR composites in terms of modulus, tensile strength and hardness properties were increased upon the addition of CNT to the optimum mechanical properties at 1 phr of CNT. Therefore, the present work is found the novelty of the study that the conductive rubber latex film can be produced using GA as low-temperature curing agent which enhanced good electrical properties. Moreover, this work is found to be beneficial in case of conductive rubber latex film that requires high modulus at low strain. The additional advantage of this system is the curing process occurs at low-temperature using GA and it can be easily processed. Graphical abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Promsung,

Chuaybamrung,

Georgopoulou

et al. 2024

Discover Nano

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“…The thermal stability of glutaraldehyde cured natural rubber was found to be better compared to sulfur cured rubber. 6 Short silk fibers were used as reinforcements for elastomeric rubber composites. 7 Silk fiber-reinforced polymers were found to be weak in terms of stiffness, flexural, and tensile strength, which was comparable to plant fiber reinforced polymers, but much below that of glass fiber-reinforced polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal stability of glutaraldehyde cured natural rubber was found to be better compared to sulfur cured rubber. 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of silk fabric and natural rubber for the development of green composites: Influence of curing on mechanical and thermal properties

Kalkornsurapranee

et al. 2021

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Unmodified natural rubber is not suitable for any elstomeric applications. Therefore, it is appropriate to modify natural rubber chemically to enhance the stability, which can be termed as vulcanization. Incorporation of fibers/fabrics is a common method to increase the stability of natural rubber along with chemical modification. Natural rubber-based composites have been prepared by the addition of silk fabric into natural rubber. The matrix material for the composite is glutaraldehyde cured natural rubber. Silk is an ecofriendly and biodegradable material with excellent tensile strength. When such kind of fabric is introduced into the vulcanized rubber as the matrix, all the physical properties were found to be enhanced considerably. Tensile properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus of elasticity are measured for the composites of natural rubber/silk fabric at various glutaraldehyde concentrations. Thermogravimetric analysis and temperature scanning stress relaxation techniques are employed to evaluate the thermal stability of the resulting composites. Effects of glutaraldehyde addition on the physical properties of the composite were studied in detail. Considerable enhancement in the stability of natural rubber in terms of tensile properties, thermal stability, and solvent resistance is noticed up on the incorporation of silk fabric as well as glutaraldehyde curing.

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Influence of functional groups on properties of styrene grafted NR using glutaraldehyde as curing agent

Lehman

Yung-Aoon

Songtipya

et al. 2019

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Natural rubber grafted polystyrene (NR‐g‐PS) and natural rubber grafted polystyrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate (NR‐g‐P(S‐co‐MMA)) were prepared by emulsion polymerization technique using tert‐BuHP‐TEPA as a redox initiator to improve the thermal and mechanical stability of NR. Additional peaks appear in the Fourier‐transform infrared spectra at 695 and 1,732 cm−1 confirms the formation of graft polymerization. The existence of functional groups on the grafted NR was also clearly confirmed from the morphology obtained from transmission electron microscopy analysis. The effect of curing on the mechanical and thermal properties of grafted NR has also been studied. Glutaraldehyde was used as the curing agent for the grafted and ungrafted NRs throughout the entire course of investigation. It was found that curing of grafted NR samples enhanced tensile strength, modulus, hardness, and thermal stability. Grafted NR showed the tensile strength values of 12 and 17 MPa for NR‐g‐PS and NR‐g‐P(S‐co‐MMA), respectively. Enhancement in thermal stability of NR was confirmend from the activation energy of degradation calculated based on thermogravimetric analyzer. The value of activation energy for NR (135.13 kJ/mol) was found to be increased to 147.89 kJ/mol (NR‐g‐PS) and 151.6 kJ/mol (NR‐g‐P(S‐co‐MMA)). The overall properties of NR have been strongly affected by the interaction and chain bundling between functional groups present in the grafted copolymer and the unsaturated chains in its structure. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:339–346, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Effect of processing parameters on the vulcanisation of natural rubber using glutaraldehyde

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Rapid formation of carbon nanotubes–natural rubber films cured with glutaraldehyde for reducing percolation threshold concentration

Combination of silk fabric and natural rubber for the development of green composites: Influence of curing on mechanical and thermal properties

Influence of functional groups on properties of styrene grafted NR using glutaraldehyde as curing agent

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