Effect of protective coatings on the water absorption and mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA

Vicente, C. M. S.; Fernandes, João; Deus, A.M.; Vaz, M. Fátima; Leite, Marco; Reis, L.

doi:10.3221/igf-esis.48.68

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Water absorption is a process where multiple factors intervene, such as the homogeneity of the sample, the presence of fibers, and the presence of voids within the pieces [ 50 ]. Specimens fabricated from PLA can be susceptible to increased water absorption, as the polar bonds of PLA may decompose in the presence of water, thus changing the mechanical properties of the final piece [ 51 ]. Figure 3 shows the gained weight versus

curves of FDM printed AF/PLA biocomposites at different percentages and two printing angles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of 3D-Printed Agave Fibers/Poly(lactic) Acid Biocomposites

et al. 2021

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In order to provide a second economic life to agave fibers, an important waste material from the production of tequila, filaments based on polylactic acid (PLA) were filled with agave fibers (0, 3, 5, 10 wt%), and further utilized to produce biocomposites by fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing at two raster angles (−45°/45° and 0/90°). Differential scanning calorimetry, water uptake, density variation, morphology, and composting of the biocomposites were studied. The mechanical properties of the biocomposites (tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact properties) were determined following ASTM international norms. The addition of agave fibers to the filaments increased the crystallinity value from 23.7 to 44.1%. However, the fibers generated porous structures with a higher content of open cells and lower apparent densities than neat PLA pieces. The printing angle had a low significant effect on flexural and tensile properties, but directly affected the morphology of the printed biocomposites, positively influenced the impact strength, and slightly improved the absorption values for biocomposites printed at −45°/45°. Overall, increasing the concentrations of agave fibers had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the biocomposites. The disintegration of the biocomposites under simulated composting conditions was slowed 1.6-fold with the addition of agave fibers, compared to neat PLA.

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curves of FDM printed AF/PLA biocomposites at different percentages and two printing angles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of 3D-Printed Agave Fibers/Poly(lactic) Acid Biocomposites

et al. 2021

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“…Ayrilmis et al [16] presented the effect of layer thickness on the water absorption rates of PLA with wood flour materials together with the mechanical properties, pointing out how the water absorption increases with the layer height. Vicente et al [17] studied the effect of different surface coatings in the water absorption and mechanical properties, concluding that different polyurethane coatings reduce water absorption rates and increase the mechanical properties of the materials. In addition, Kakanaru et al [18] studied the water absorption rates and degradation times of PLA, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), and PLA with silicon carbide, revealing that the addition of 20% of Si-C particles increases the degradation times as well as improving the mechanical properties of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product Design by Additive Manufacturing for Water Environments: Study of Degradation and Absorption Behavior of PLA and PETG

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing technologies are shifting from rapid prototyping technologies to end use or final parts production. Polymeric material extrusion processes have been broadly addressed with a specific definition of all parameters and variables for all different of technologies approaches and materials. Recycled polymeric materials have been studied due to the growing importance of the environmental awareness of the contemporary society. Beside this, little specific research has been found in product development applications for AM where the printed parts are in highly moisture environments or surrounded by water, but polymers have been for long used in such industries with conventional manufacturing approaches. This work focuses on the analysis and comparison of two different additively manufactured polymers printed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes using desktop-size printers to be applied for product design. The polymers used have been a recycled material: polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and polylactic acid (PLA). Degradation and water absorption behaviors of both materials are presented, analyzed and discussed in this paper, where different samples have been immersed in saturated solutions of water with maritime salt and sugar together with a control sample immersed in distilled water. The samples have been dimensionally and weight-controlled weekly as well as microscopically analyzed to understand degradation and absorption processes that appear in the fully saturated solutions. The results revealed how the absorption process is stabilized after a reduced number of weeks for both materials and how the degradation process is more remarked in the PLA material due to its organic nature.

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“…Due to its unique properties, PLA is one of the most attractive materials for 3D printing. Its main advantages include low printing temperatures of 200–210 °C, smooth appearance, low toxicity and favorable mechanical properties, especially a low warping effect and high geometric resolution ( Pajarito et al, 2019 ; Vicente et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic acid as a suitable material for 3D printing of protective masks in times of COVID-19 pandemic

Vaňková

Kašparová

Khun

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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A critical lack of personal protective equipment has occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Polylactic acid (PLA), a polyester made from renewable natural resources, can be exploited for 3D printing of protective face masks using the Fused Deposition Modelling technique. Since the possible high porosity of this material raised questions regarding its suitability for protection against viruses, we have investigated its microstructure using scanning electron microscopy and aerosol generator and photometer certified as the test system according to the standards EN 143 and EN 149. Moreover, the efficiency of decontaminating PLA surfaces by conventional chemical disinfectants including 96% ethanol, 70% isopropanol, and a commercial disinfectant containing 0.85% sodium hypochlorite has been determined. We confirmed that the structure of PLA protective masks is compact and can be considered a sufficient barrier protection against particles of a size corresponding to microorganisms including viruses. Complete decontamination of PLA surfaces from externally applied Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and SARS-CoV-2 was achieved using all disinfectants tested, and human adenovirus was completely inactivated by sodium hypochlorite-containing disinfectant. Natural contamination of PLA masks worn by test persons was decontaminated easily and efficiently by ethanol. No disinfectant caused major changes to the PLA surface properties, and the pore size did not change despite severe mechanical damage of the surface. Therefore, PLA may be regarded as a suitable material for 3D printing of protective masks during the current or future pandemic crises.

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Effect of protective coatings on the water absorption and mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of 3D-Printed Agave Fibers/Poly(lactic) Acid Biocomposites

Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of 3D-Printed Agave Fibers/Poly(lactic) Acid Biocomposites

Product Design by Additive Manufacturing for Water Environments: Study of Degradation and Absorption Behavior of PLA and PETG

Polylactic acid as a suitable material for 3D printing of protective masks in times of COVID-19 pandemic

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