Effect of protein and carbohydrate distribution among meals on quality of life, sleep quality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background/Objectives Patients with diabetes mellitus have a lower quality of life and sleep compared with healthy individuals. Nutrition therapy has an important role in the management of diabetes and can improve inflammation and quality of life in patients with diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high‐protein versus high‐carbohydrate intake during evening meal on quality of life, sleep quality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects/Methods This is a 10‐week randomized controlled trial. 96 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned into one of the following three groups: standard evening meal (ST), high‐carbohydrate evening meal (HC), and high‐protein evening meal (HP). The effect of these diets was examined on high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, malondialdehyde, quality of life, and sleep quality. Results Sleep quality improved significantly in all groups (p < .05). The quality of life and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein improved in all groups except for the HP group (p < .05). Serum malondialdehyde level did not change significantly throughout the study (p > .05). Conclusions Small manipulation of protein and carbohydrate distribution among the meals might not affect sleep quality. A diet with an even distribution of macronutrients among the meals or with a higher percentage of carbohydrates in the evenings can improve the quality of life and reduce inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, while a diet with a higher percentage of protein in the evenings may not improve it.

The effect of health behavior interventions to manage Type 2 diabetes on the quality of life in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Thirty-one out of 45 studies involved DSME interventions, the education content of which focused on physical activity and/or diet (n = 23), medication advice (n = 20), glucose monitoring (n = 19), foot care (n = 17), problem solving and stress reduction (n = 13). Of the remaining 14 studies, 10 were structured exercise programs [ 35 , 37 , 40 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 55 , 63 , 67 , 75 ], two were structured dietary programs [ 52 , 64 ], and two were the combination of structured exercise and DSME programs [ 39 , 50 ].…”

“…Fifteen studies [ 9 , 37 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 56 – 58 , 63 , 64 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 77 ] reported using various versions of SF questionnaires (SF-12, SF-20, SF-36) as a QOL measurement tool. The remaining studies used other generic (e.g., the World Health Organisation QOL questionnaire) and diabetes-specific (e.g., Diabetes-39) questionnaires, as summarized in S2 Table .…”

“…The majority of the interventions (28) were delivered by health care professionals (HCP) [8,9,41,43,50,54,[57][58][59][60]62,65,68,[70][71][72][73], followed by allied health professionals (AHP)/exercise trainers [37,44,46,47,52,55,63,67,75] and peer-supporter or lay people trained to deliver the intervention [45,48,49,56,61]. There was no mention of who delivered the interventions in eight studies [11,35,36,38,53,64,69,74].…”

Dietary and Sleep Quality Association in Hemodialysis Patients

“…Studies have reported that a high-carbohydrate diet can influence both deep slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. [ 27 28 ] It is assumed that the intake of dietary supplements and nutritional education in hemodialysis patients improves their nutritional status. Further research is warranted to determine the factors that influence sleep hygiene among patients undergoing hemodialysis.…”

Interactions between nutrient intake and comorbidities for quality of life in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

“…Our findings supported previous research on the beneficial effects of carbohydrates on HRQOL. A randomized controlled trial of 96 type 2 diabetes patients 51 years or older discovered that increasing carbohydrate consumption in the evenings can improve QOL (measured by SF-36 Health Survey version 2) and reduce inflammation 47 …”