Effect of protein intake on energy and nitrogen balance and chemical composition of gain in growing boars of high genetic potential

Rao, D. Srinivasa; McCracken, K. J.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100005535

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However there is still controversy as to whether the rate of protein deposition can be considered to be a constant over an extended weight range. For boars from a strain with high genetic potential for lean growth Rao and McCracken (1990) suggested a plateau for protein accretion between 35 and 80 kg live weight. Whittemore et al (1988) considered that to conclude protein deposition was a plateau and was often an artifact of a restricted weight range and serial slaughter design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whittemore et al (1988) reviewed a number of studies in which the protein accretion rates were considered to approach the maximum achievable for that genotype and found that protein accretion rates ranged from 0090 to 0-175 kg/day. Rao and McCracken (1990) reported rates up to 0-200 kg/day for entire males from a strain of high genetic potential for lean growth. In most of these studies the higher estimates for protein deposition were generally for entire males, which in comparative studies have been reported to have rates which are 112 to 1-33 times those found in castrated males and gilts (Whittemore et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of genotype and sex on the patterns of protein accretion in pigs

et al. 1996

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Protein accretion curves were derived using food intake, growth and body composition data from a total of320 pigs, which comprised castrated males and gilts from five genotypes. The 32 pigs from each genotype/sex subclass were offered ad libitum a series of isoenergetic diets (13'8 MJ metabolizable energy per kg) designed to provide a nonlimiting intake of nutrients and to allow maximum protein deposition rates. Four pigs from each subclass were slaughtered at each of the live weights (kg) 25, 44, 65, 85, 100, 115, 130 and 150 . Daily food intake (dF/dt) was described as an increasing exponential function of age (t), live weight (W) as an increasing exponential function of cumulative food consumed (F), and protein weight (Vr) as an allometric function of live weight (W). The rate of protein accretion in the body of pigs [d(Pi)/dt] was calculated as d(Pr)/dt = (dF/dt).(dW/dF).(dPr)/dW). Bootstrap procedures were used to estimate standard errors for the food intake, growth and compositional parameters and to obtain the confidence bands for the dependent variables (dF/dt, W, Pr and d(Pt)/dt).Protein accretion rate as a function of live weight was curvilinear, increasing to a maximum, then decreasing with increasing live weight. There were significant differences between subclasses in the maximum rate of protein accretion, although there was no relationship between this rate and the live weight, stage of maturity, or age at which maximum protein accretion occurred. Describing protein accretion as a multiplicative function of food intake, food efficiency and the partitioning of nutrients in the body allowed changes in the magnitude and shape of the protein accretion curve to be ascribed to one, or a combination, of the above mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of genotype and sex on the patterns of protein accretion in pigs

et al. 1996

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“…Increasing the lysine:calorie ratio in diets fed to growing pigs improved ADG and ADFI (linear, P < .01 and .07, respectively). Many trials have shown increased growth performance when growing pigs were fed diets with increased lysine concentration (Yen et al, 1986;Rao and McCracken, 1990;Hansen and Lewis, 1993). Several other trials have examined the effect of lysine concentration on growth performance when dietary energy levels were maintained, in essence examining the effect of varying lysine:calorie ratios.…”

Section: Experiments 2 No Interactive Effects Of Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To explain the variation in response to increasing energy in swine diets, several studies have examined the relationship between energy and protein content of the diet and have shown positive correlations. Increasing the lysine:energy ratio in growing pig diets improved ADG and G:F (Batterham et al, 1985;Rao and McCracken, 1990;Chiba et al, 1991). Van Lunen and Cole (1996) observed that increasing the lysine:calorie ratio decreased backfat depth in high-lean-growth pigs without affecting growth rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs.

Smith

Tokach

O’Quinn

et al. 1999

Journal of Animal Science

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We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 crossbred barrows (initially 44.5 kg) were fed a control diet or diets containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0% choice white grease (CWG). All diets contained 3.2 and 2.47 g of lysine/Mcal ME during growing (44.5 to 73 kg) and finishing (73 to 104 kg), respectively. Increasing energy density did not affect overall ADG; however, ADFI decreased and feed efficiency (Gain:feed ratio; G:F) increased (linear, P < .01). Increasing energy density decreased and then increased (quadratic, P < .06) skinned fat depth and lean percentage. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred gilts (initially 29.2 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing levels of CWG and lysine:calorie ratio fed during the growing phase on growth performance and subsequent finishing growth. Pigs were fed increasing energy density (3.31, 3.44, or 3.57 Mcal ME/kg) and lysine:calorie ratio (2.75, 3.10, 3.45, or 3.80 g lysine/Mcal ME). No energy density x lysine:calorie ratio interactions were observed (P > .10). Increasing energy density increased ADG and G:F and decreased ADFI of pigs from 29.5 to 72.6 kg (linear, P < .05). Increasing lysine:calorie ratio increased ADG and ADFI (linear, P < .01 and .07, respectively) but had no effect on G:F. From 72.6 to 90.7 kg, all pigs were fed the same diet containing .90% lysine and 2.72 g lysine/Mcal ME. Pigs previously fed with increasing lysine:calorie ratio had decreased (linear, P < .02) ADG and G:F. Also, pigs previously fed increasing CWG had decreased (linear, P < .03) ADG and ADFI. From 90.7 to 107 kg when all pigs were fed a diet containing .70% lysine and 2.1 g lysine/Mcal ME, growth performance was not affected by previous dietary treatment. Carcass characteristics were not affected by CWG or lysine:calorie ratio fed from 29.5 to 72.6 kg. Increasing the dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio improved ADG and G:F of growing pigs; however, pigs fed a low-energy diet or a low lysine:calorie ratio from 29 to 72 kg had compensatory growth from 72 to 90 kg.

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“…Apesar de estarem em acordo com os dados obtidos por Pimenta et al (1995) e Gomes (1998), os valores de TCM e CAM, neste experimento, foram superiores, em valor absoluto, aos encontrados por esses autores. Segundo Rao & McCracken (1990), Friesen et al (1994) e Pimenta et al (1995), o potencial genético para ganho de músculo é um dos principais fatores que influem na taxa de crescimento e na conversão alimentar. Na Tabela 3, são apresentados os resultados das taxas de deposição de proteína (TDP) e gordura (TDG) na carcaça das leitoas.…”

Section: Nível De Lisina (%)unclassified

Níveis de lisina para leitoas com alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra dos 65 aos 95 kg

Kill¹,

Donzele²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2003

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Foram utilizadas 216 leitoas híbridas comerciais, da mesma linhagem genética, com alto potencial para deposição de carne magra na carcaça com peso médio inicial de 66,3 ± 4,24 kg e final de 95,5 ± 2,05 kg, para avaliar o efeito de níveis de lisina da dieta. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, 27 repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos corresponderam a dietas isoenergéticas, com diferentes níveis de lisina total (0,80; 0,90; 1,00; e 1,10%), obtidos por alterações nas proporções de milho e farelo de soja da dieta. Não foi observado efeito dos tratamentos sobre o ganho de peso diário, a taxa de crescimento em músculo e conversão alimentar em músculo. Houve efeito quadrático dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de dieta, que reduziu até o nível estimado de 0,95%, e a conversão alimentar, que melhorou até o nível de 0,97% de lisina. Observou-se efeito linear dos níveis de lisina sobre a taxa de deposição de proteína, que aumentou, e sobre a taxa de deposição de gordura, que reduziu com o aumento dos níveis de lisina na dieta. Não foi verificado efeito dos tratamentos sobre as características de comprimento de carcaça, a espessura de toucinho na região entre a última e a penúltima vértebra lombar, a espessura de toucinho a 6,5 cm da linha dorsolombar (P 2 ), o rendimento de carcaça, o rendimento de carne magra, o rendimento de gordura e o rendimento de pernil. Concluiu-se que leitoas geneticamente selecionadas para alta taxa de deposição de carne magra exigem 0,97% de lisina total, correspondente ao consumo diário de 24,24 g de lisina e a 0,29% de lisina total/Mcal de EM, para melhor conversão alimentar. Para maior taxa de deposição de proteína, os dados indicam que a exigência está acima de 1,1% de lisina total.Palavras-chave: desempenho, fase de terminação, genótipo, lisina Lysine Levels for Gilts with High Genetic Potential for Lean Meat Gain from 65 to 95 kg ABSTRACT -Two hundred and sixteen crossbred gilts with high genetic potential for lean meat gain, with average initial weight of 66.3 ± 4.24 kg and final weight of 95.5 ± 2.05 kg, were used to evaluate the effect of lysine levels on animals performance in the finishing phase. A randomized block design was used with four treatments, 27 replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were constituted of isoenergy diets, with different levels of total lysine (0.80, 0.90, 1.00, and 1.10%), obtained by changes on corn and soybean meal proportion. There was no treatment effect on daily weight gain, muscle growth rate and muscle feed:gain ratio. There was a quadratic effect of dietary lysine on feed intake, which decreased up to the level of 0.95% lysine, and on feed:gain ratio, which increased up to the level of 0.97% lysine. There was a linear effect of lysine levels on protein and fat deposition rate, that respectively, increased and reduced with dietary lysine levels. There was no effect of treatments on carcass length, backfat thickness measured between ...

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Effect of protein intake on energy and nitrogen balance and chemical composition of gain in growing boars of high genetic potential

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

The effect of genotype and sex on the patterns of protein accretion in pigs

The effect of genotype and sex on the patterns of protein accretion in pigs

Effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs.

Níveis de lisina para leitoas com alto potencial genético para deposição de carne magra dos 65 aos 95 kg

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