Effect of protein source during weight loss on body composition, cardiometabolic risk and physical performance in abdominally obese, older adults: A pilot feeding study

Beavers, Kristen M.; Gordon, Michelle; Easter, Linda; Beavers, Daniel P.; Hairston, Kristen G.; Nicklas, Barbara J.; Vitolins, Mara Z.

doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0438-7

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although no statistical differences in any of the cardiometabolic outcomes were observed between the soy and non‐soy groups (Table ), there was a trend towards superior improvements in CRP – an inflammatory biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk – in the soy group at the end of M4. These data are in corroboration with those from a similar trial done in older adults (68 ± 5 years) suggesting a possible benefit of a reduced calorie, HP diet with soy on inflammation. Conclusive evidence linking soy food consumption to improvements in cardiovascular health, however, is limited and contradictory because of the high degree of inter‐individual variation in the bioavailability and metabolism of the bioactive constituents in soy foods .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of consuming a high‐protein diet with or without soy protein during weight loss and maintenance: a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical efficacy trial

Speaker

Sayer

Peters

et al. 2018

Obesity Science & Practice

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SummaryObjectiveThis 12‐month randomized, non‐inferiority clinical trial sought to determine the impact of consuming soy protein as part of an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet on weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic health.MethodsSeventy‐one adults (58 female) with overweight or obesity (body mass index: 32.9 ± 3.6 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to consume three servings of soy (S) or non‐soy (NS) protein foods per day for 12 months. All participants completed a group‐based behavioural weight loss program lasting 4 months (M4), and follow‐up assessments were completed at month 12 (M12).ResultsBody weight was reduced in both groups at M4 (S: −7.0% ± 5.2%, NS: −7.1% ± 5.7%) and M12 (S: 3.6% ± 5.1%, NS: −4.8% ± 7.3%). Body weight reductions (mean difference [90% confidence interval]) were not different between S and NS at either time point (M4: −0.16% [−1.4, 3.6], P = 0.90; M12: 1.1% [−1.4, 3.6], P = 0.44). Differences in body fat mass loss were not different between S and NS at M4 (0.29 ± 0.84 kg, P = 0.73) or M12 (0.78 ± 1.5 kg, P = 0.59). Weight loss‐induced improvements in cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure did not differ between S and NS.ConclusionThese results indicate that soy‐based protein foods can be effectively incorporated into an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet for improving body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of consuming a high‐protein diet with or without soy protein during weight loss and maintenance: a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical efficacy trial

Speaker

Sayer

Peters

et al. 2018

Obesity Science & Practice

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“…In addition, a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy from a 72-year-old man collected previously 19 was used for protein expression assays. In addition, 10 more vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from pretreatment subjects in the SILVER trial (NCT01298817), 20 a study of using a soy-based meal replacement weight loss intervention to impact ectopic fat in obese older adults [1 man, 9 women, age: 66.6 ± 3.3 years; body mass index (BMI): 34.5 ± 4.5 kg/m 2 ], were used for RNA expression assays. The study was approved by the Wake Forest Institutional Review Board, and all participants signed informed consent to participate.…”

Section: Vervet Monkey and Human Muscle Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac troponin T and fast skeletal muscle denervation in ageing

Feng

Dong

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundAgeing skeletal muscle undergoes chronic denervation, and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the key structure that connects motor neuron nerves with muscle cells, shows increased defects with ageing. Previous studies in various species have shown that with ageing, type II fast‐twitch skeletal muscle fibres show more atrophy and NMJ deterioration than type I slow‐twitch fibres. However, how this process is regulated is largely unknown. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle fibre‐type specific denervation at the NMJ could be critical to identifying novel treatments for sarcopenia. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), the heart muscle‐specific isoform of TnT, is a key component of the mechanisms of muscle contraction. It is expressed in skeletal muscle during early development, after acute sciatic nerve denervation, in various neuromuscular diseases and possibly in ageing muscle. Yet the subcellular localization and function of cTnT in skeletal muscle is largely unknown.MethodsStudies were carried out on isolated skeletal muscles from mice, vervet monkeys, and humans. Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry were used to analyse protein expression, real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression, immunofluorescence staining was performed for subcellular distribution assay of proteins, and electromyographic recording was used to analyse neurotransmission at the NMJ.ResultsLevels of cTnT expression in skeletal muscle increased with ageing in mice. In addition, cTnT was highly enriched at the NMJ region—but mainly in the fast‐twitch, not the slow‐twitch, muscle of old mice. We further found that the protein kinase A (PKA) RIα subunit was largely removed from, while PKA RIIα and RIIβ are enriched at, the NMJ—again, preferentially in fast‐twitch but not slow‐twitch muscle in old mice. Knocking down cTnT in fast skeletal muscle of old mice: (i) increased PKA RIα and reduced PKA RIIα at the NMJ; (ii) decreased the levels of gene expression of muscle denervation markers; and (iii) enhanced neurotransmission efficiency at NMJ.ConclusionsCardiac troponin T at the NMJ region contributes to NMJ functional decline with ageing mainly in the fast‐twitch skeletal muscle through interfering with PKA signalling. This knowledge could inform useful targets for prevention and therapy of age‐related decline in muscle function.

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“…Of the nine publications (11 interventions) that measured muscle strength via isokinetic dynamometry, seven investigated knee extensor muscles (34, 38,39,[48][49][50][51], three of these also investigated knee flexor muscles (34, 39,48), and three publications examined the effect of weight loss on quadriceps muscles (52,53), hamstring muscles (52) or elbow flexion (51).…”

Section: Isokinetic Dynamometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diet‐induced weight loss on muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity – a systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials

et al. 2016

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We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify how diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity impacts on muscle strength. Twenty-seven publications, including 33 interventions, most of which were 8-24 weeks in duration, were included. Meta-analysis of seven interventions measuring knee extensor strength by isokinetic dynamometry in 108 participants found a significant decrease following diet-induced weight loss (-9.0 [95% confidence interval: -13.8, -4.1] N/m, P < 0.001), representing a 7.5% decrease from baseline values. Meta-analysis of handgrip strength from 10 interventions in 231 participants showed a non-significant decrease (-1.7 [-3.6, 0.1] kg, P = 0.070), with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 83.9%, P < 0.001). This heterogeneity may have been due to diet type, because there was a significant decrease in handgrip strength in seven interventions in 169 participants involving moderate energy restriction (-2.4 [-4.8, -0.0] kg, P = 0.046), representing a 4.6% decrease from baseline values, but not in three interventions in 62 participants involving very-low-energy diet (-0.4 [-2.0, 1.2] kg, P = 0.610). Because of variability in methodology and muscles tested, no other data could be meta-analyzed, and qualitative assessment of the remaining interventions revealed mixed results. Despite varying methodologies, diets and small sample sizes, these findings suggest a potential adverse effect of diet-induced weight loss on muscle strength. While these findings should not act as a deterrent against weight loss, due to the known health benefits of losing excess weight, they call for strategies to combat strength loss - such as weight training and other exercises - during diet-induced weight loss. © 2016 World Obesity.

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Effect of protein source during weight loss on body composition, cardiometabolic risk and physical performance in abdominally obese, older adults: A pilot feeding study

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of consuming a high‐protein diet with or without soy protein during weight loss and maintenance: a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical efficacy trial

Effects of consuming a high‐protein diet with or without soy protein during weight loss and maintenance: a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical efficacy trial

Cardiac troponin T and fast skeletal muscle denervation in ageing

Effect of diet‐induced weight loss on muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity – a systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials

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