Effect of Pullet Vaccination on Development and Longevity of Immunity

Aston, Emily J.; Jordan, Brian J.; Williams, Susan M.; Garcı́a, Maricarmen; Jackwood, Mark W.

doi:10.3390/v11020135

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The exemplary studies were performed for vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (60). In addition, the effect of interval between vaccinations against different viral pathogens on protection against challenge has been extensively tested [e.g., (61)]. Such studies result in recommended vaccination programs for individual poultry sectors, as presented in the Merck Veterinary Manual (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prime-Boost Vaccination With a Novel Hemagglutinin Protein Produced in Bacteria Induces Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against H5-Subtype Influenza Viruses in Commercial Chickens

Sa̧czyńska

Romanik-Chruścielewska

Florys

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

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The highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV), H5N1 and reassortant H5-subtype HPAIVs, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, cause high mortality in domestic birds, resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry. H5N1 and H5N6 also pose significant public health risks and H5N1 viruses are a permanent pandemic threat. To control HPAIVs, eukaryotic expression systems have traditionally been exploited to produce vaccines based on hemagglutinin (HA), a protective viral antigen. In contrast, we used a bacterial expression system to produce vaccine targeting the HA protein. A fragment of the HA ectodomain from H5N1, with a multibasic cleavage site deletion, was expressed in Escherichia coli, refolded, and chromatographically purified from inclusion bodies. The resulting antigen, rH5-E. coli, was validated in terms of conformational integrity and oligomerization status. Previously, the protective efficacy of rH5-E. coli adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide, has been positively verified by challenging the specific pathogen-free layer chickens with homologous and heterologous H5N1 HPAIVs. Protection was provided primarily by the H5 subtype-specific antibodies, as detected in the FluAC H5 test. The present studies were conducted to assess the performance of alum-adjuvanted rH5-E. coli in commercial birds. Broiler chickens were vaccinated twice with 25 μg of rH5-E. coli at 2- and 4-week intervals, while the layer chickens were vaccinated with 5- to 25-μg antigen doses at 4- and 6-week intervals. Post-vaccination sera were analyzed for anti-H5 HA antibodies, using homologous ELISA and heterologous FluAC H5 and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Prime-boost immunizations with rH5-E. coli elicited H5 HA-specific antibodies in all the chickens tested. Two antigen doses administered at 4- or 6-week intervals were sufficient to induce neutralizing antibodies against H5-subtype HAs; however, they were ineffective when applied with a 2-week delay. In the layers, 80% to 100% of individuals developed antibodies that were active in the FluAC H5 and/or HI tests. A dose-sparing effect was seen when using the longer prime-boost interval. In the broiler chickens, 62.5% positivity was achieved in the FluAC H5 and/or HI tests. The trials confirmed the vaccine potential of rH5-E. coli and provided indications for anti-influenza vaccination with respect to the chicken type and immunization scheme.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prime-Boost Vaccination With a Novel Hemagglutinin Protein Produced in Bacteria Induces Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against H5-Subtype Influenza Viruses in Commercial Chickens

Sa̧czyńska

Romanik-Chruścielewska

Florys

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

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“…These vaccines elicit the immune response by causing infection in the trachea without producing disease. The highest protective immunity is attained from 15 to 20 weeks post-vaccination, which may last over a year (Neff et al 2008) and no interference has been reported between ILT and other vaccines if the vaccine interval is more than 2 weeks (Aston et al 2019). ILTV vaccination is not suggested for broilers because of its economical concern (Giambrone et al 2008).…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious laryngotracheitis: Etiology, epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

Gowthaman

Kumar

Koul

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease of chicken caused by a Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) belonging to the genus Iltovirus, and subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae within Herpesviridae family. The disease is characterized by conjunctivitis, sinusitis, oculo-nasal discharge, respiratory distress, bloody mucus, swollen orbital sinuses, high morbidity, considerable mortality and decreased egg production. It is well established in highly dense poultry producing areas of the world due to characteristic latency and carrier status of the virus. Co-infections with other respiratory pathogens and environmental factors adversely affect the respiratory system and prolong the course of the disease. Latently infected chickens are the primary source of ILT virus (ILTV) outbreaks irrespective of vaccination. Apart from conventional diagnostic methods including isolation and identification of ILTV, serological detection, advanced biotechnological tools such as PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, next generation sequencing, and others are being used in accurate diagnosis and epidemiological studies of ILTV. Vaccination is followed with the use of conventional vaccines including modified live attenuated ILTV vaccines, and advanced recombinant vector vaccines expressing different ILTV glycoproteins, but still these candidates frequently fail to reduce challenge virus shedding. Some herbal components have proved to be beneficial in reducing the severity of the clinical disease. The present review discusses ILT with respect to its current status, virus characteristics, epidemiology, transmission, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and control strategies to counter this important disease of poultry.

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“…Instead, production of neutralizing antibodies is relatively low and curiously short‐lived after human infection with the common cold coronavirus HCoV‐229E 22,23 or after clinically severe infections with SARS‐CoV 24,25 . Short‐lived antibody formation also limits the utility of live attenuated vaccines against infectious bronchitis coronavirus in the poultry industry 26,27 . Whereas influenza escapes our mechanisms for neutralizing antibody production by high viral genome mutation rates, coronaviruses avoid the fitness cost of high mutation rates by somehow manipulating our mechanisms for neutralizing antibody responses so that they are low titer, short lived and do not stop virus transmission in the population 23 …”

Section: Genetic Resistance To Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19, varying genetic resistance to viral disease and immune tolerance checkpoints

Goodnow

2020

Immunol. Cell Biol.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a zoonosis like most of the great plagues sculpting human history, from smallpox to pandemic influenza and human immunodeficiency virus. When viruses jump into a new species the outcome of infection ranges from asymptomatic to lethal, historically ascribed to “genetic resistance to viral disease.” People have exploited these differences for good and bad, for developing vaccines from cowpox and horsepox virus, controlling rabbit plagues with myxoma virus and introducing smallpox during colonization of America and Australia. Differences in resistance to viral disease are at the core of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) crisis, yet our understanding of the mechanisms in any interspecies leap falls short of the mark. Here I review how the two key parameters of viral disease are countered by fundamentally different genetic mechanisms for resistance: (1) virus transmission, countered primarily by activation of innate and adaptive immune responses; and (2) pathology, countered primarily by tolerance checkpoints to limit innate and adaptive immune responses. I discuss tolerance thresholds and the role of CD8 T cells to limit pathological immune responses, the problems posed by tolerant superspreaders and the signature coronavirus evasion strategy of eliciting only short‐lived neutralizing antibody responses. Pinpointing and targeting the mechanisms responsible for varying pathology and short‐lived antibody were beyond reach in previous zoonoses, but this time we are armed with genomic technologies and more knowledge of immune checkpoint genes. These known unknowns must now be tackled to solve the current COVID‐19 crisis and the inevitable zoonoses to follow.

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Effect of Pullet Vaccination on Development and Longevity of Immunity

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Prime-Boost Vaccination With a Novel Hemagglutinin Protein Produced in Bacteria Induces Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against H5-Subtype Influenza Viruses in Commercial Chickens

Prime-Boost Vaccination With a Novel Hemagglutinin Protein Produced in Bacteria Induces Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against H5-Subtype Influenza Viruses in Commercial Chickens

Infectious laryngotracheitis: Etiology, epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review

COVID‐19, varying genetic resistance to viral disease and immune tolerance checkpoints

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