The residual stresses in heat treated 7075 aluminium alloy blocks have been characterised using neutron diffraction, x-ray diffraction and incremental centre hole drilling. Samples were quenched to induce high magnitude residual stresses which were then stress relieved by the controlled application of plastic deformation using a cold compression technique. The experimental variables investigated were the quench water temperature, and the post quench delay. This delay is considered to influence the final residual stress magnitudes because of hardening precipitation occurring by natural aging during the period between quenching and the application of plastic deformation. Cold compression significantly lowered the residual stresses in all samples. Neutron diffraction measurements demonstrated a benefit to applying plastic deformation as soon as possible after quenching. However, this beneficial effect was not evident when characterising surface residual stresses using hole drilling or x-ray diffraction.