Effect of ramipril, nifedipine, and moxonidine on glomerular morphology and podocyte structure in experimental renal failure

Abstract

(i) Despite comparable reduction in systolic blood pressure, different classes of antihypertensive agents had diverse effects on renal damage in subtotally nephrectomized rat. This observation is consistent with specific, non-hemodynamic actions of anti-hypertensives. (ii) Glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage are prevented by treatment with ACE inhibitors and antisympathotonic agents, but not with the calcium antagonist nifedipine. In contrast, renal vascular changes were also prevented by nifedipine. (iii) Only ACE inhibitors effectively inhibited podocyte hypertrophy and mesangial cell hyperplasia. Whether the superior effect of ACE inhibitors on glomerulosclerosis is related to inhibition of glomerular growth and podocyte hypertrophy as well as preservation of podocyte structure, or whether these findings are merely a passive reflection of greater efficacy, remains unresolved.

Delayed effects of enalapril on structural characteristics of the glomerular apparatus in the kidneys of NISAG rats

“…Published data show that enalapril is effective in the therapy of glomerulosclerosis accompanying a variety of kidney diseases [4,12,15]. There are ambiguous data on the delayed effect of enalapril administered during the early ontogeny.…”

“…Studies on animals with experimental [3,4,8,15] and inherited arterial hypertension [10,14] yielded ambiguous results. It was concluded that the presence and degree of the delayed hypotensive effect depend not only on the type of drugs, but also on the terms and duration of therapy.…”

A High Fat Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Cardiac and Renal Abnormalities in GLUT4 +/- Male Mice

“…Kidneys were then dissected in 1 mm thick slices perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Tissue sampling for morphometric and stereological analysis was performed using the area weighted sampling technique as previously described [32]. The kidney slices were embedded in paraffin and 3 µm thick sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin/eosin (HE), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and Sirius red (fibrous tissue stain).…”

“…Glomerular geometry was analyzed as described in detail previously [32, 33]: Volume density (VV) of glomeruli and cortex were measured by point counting at a magnification of 200x on HE sections and corrected for tissue shrinkage. Then, the number of glomeruli per area (NA) was assessed.…”

“…Five semi-thin sections per animal were analyzed in terms of glomerular capillarization and cellularity using the point counting method and a 121 point eyepiece (Zeiss Co., Oberkochen, Germany) at a magnification of 1000x with oil immersion as previously described [32]. In brief, length density (LV) of glomerular capillaries was determined according to the standard stereological formula LV = 2 * QA with QA being the number of capillary transects per area of the capillary tuft.…”