Effect of rapid thermal annealing time on ZnO:F thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering for solar cell applications

Wang, Fang-Hsing; Chen, Mao-Shan; Liu, Han–Wen; Kang, Tsung-Kuei

doi:10.1007/s00339-022-05376-5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A record efficiency of 23.35% in CIGSSe thin film solar cells was achieved with a sputtered absorber layer [40]. Sputtering is also commonly used for TCO, buffer layers and ETL/HTL with materials such as ITO [41], FZO [42], MoO x [43], AZO [44], TiO x [45], and other metal oxides as interlayers, passivating thin film solar cells [46][47][48]. A commercialized all-sputtering system was developed by Midsummer for CIGS production with process sequence completed in different sputtering chambers for diffusion barrier, absorber, buffer, window and TCO layer deposition [49].…”

Section: Sputteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Film Deposition Technologies and Application in Photovoltaics

Song¹,

Deng²

2023

Thin Films - Deposition Methods and Applications

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Renewable energy will play a critical role in reducing emissions to mitigate climate change. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising and prominent techniques for electricity generation based on renewable solar energy. Thin films play a critical role in PV in Si and thin film solar cells and solar modules. They can be used as an absorber layer, buffer layer, hole/electron transportation layer, passivation layer, transparent conductive oxide and antireflection coating on solar cells or solar modules. This chapter provides an overview of thin film deposition techniques and applications in photovoltaics and highlights techniques that are currently in use or are promising for mass production.

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Section: Sputteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Film Deposition Technologies and Application in Photovoltaics

Song¹,

Deng²

2023

Thin Films - Deposition Methods and Applications

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“…According to the abovementioned and illustrated results, the use of pure ZnO as pure or modified with 1–10% K 2 O calcined at 400°C for 3 h in oxygen, the following remarks can be summarized as follows: Because of its high activity, ZnO is a multitalented, flattering oxide in many processes 1–24 . ZnO as pure and modified catalysts were easily prepared herein and characterized by their nanoscale crystallite size in, that is, 22.9–28.0 nm, high basicity (ca.…”

Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its high activity, ZnO is a multitalented, flattering oxide in many processes 1–24 . ZnO as pure and modified catalysts were easily prepared herein and characterized by their nanoscale crystallite size in, that is, 22.9–28.0 nm, high basicity (ca.…”

Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnO is considered a nontoxic material owing to its relatively fast electron mobility, high conductivity, photo‐corrosion resistance, and low availability. Much attention has been focused on its technological applications in solar cells, 14–16 piezoelectric nanogenerators and force sensors, 17 and varistor ceramics 18 . Due to the wide range of technological applications of ZnO, recently, various preparation techniques have been developed 19–24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly basic and active ZnO–x% K₂O nanocomposite catalysts for the production of methyl ethyl ketone biofuel

Halawy

Osman

Rooney

2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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Herein we demonstrate the preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline ZnO, either pure or promoted with 1–10 wt.% K2O. All catalysts calcined at 400°C were in the nano‐crystallite scale as confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis in the 22.9–28.0 nm range. According to the CO2‐temperature‐programmed desorption study using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques, they have a broad spectrum of surface basic sites. Because of the significance of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a next‐generation biofuel candidate with high‐octane, low boiling point, and relatively high vapor pressure. The prepared catalysts were examined during the direct production of MEK via 2‐butanol (2B) dehydrogenation. Among catalysts tested, ZnO promoted with 1% K2O showed a superior catalytic activity towards the conversion of 2B to MEK, that is, 71.7% at a reaction temperature of 275°C. The selectivity for the production of MEK over all catalysts was ≥95% across all catalysts when using N2‐gas as a carrier. The use of airflow in this reaction resulted in a clear loss of selectivity toward MEK production as well as the appearance of undesirable products such as acetone and methanol. All catalytic properties of catalysts, particularly those of moderate strength, were highly correlated with the distribution of surface basic sites. Finally, a reaction mechanism was proposed for the dehydrogenation of 2B, followed by the partial oxidation of MEK.

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“…However, an additional advantage is the possibility of the preparation of p-type transparent conductive coatings using in situ doping of ZnO during its deposition [ 6 ]. The form type and dimensions of ZnO nanostructures have a strong impact on its features as well [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. All of the listed properties and additionally the high thermal and mechanical stability at room temperature make it attractive for potential use in electronics, optoelectronics and laser technology [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Microstructure, Optical, Electrical and Nanomechanical Properties of ZnOx Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

et al. 2022

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The paper presents the results of an investigation of the influence of technological parameters on the microstructure, optical, electrical and nanomechanical properties of zinc oxide coatings prepared using the pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering method. Three sets of ZnOx thin films were deposited in metallic, shallow dielectric and deep dielectric sputtering modes. Structural investigations showed that thin films deposited in the metallic mode were nanocrystalline with mixed hexagonal phases of metallic zinc and zinc oxide with crystallite size of 9.1 and 6.0 nm, respectively. On the contrary, the coatings deposited in both dielectric modes had a nanocrystalline ZnO structure with an average crystallite size smaller than 10 nm. Moreover, coatings deposited in the dielectric modes had an average transmission of 84% in the visible wavelength range, while thin films deposited in the metallic mode were opaque. Measurements of electrical properties revealed that the resistivity of as-deposited thin films was in the range of 10−4 Ωcm to 108 Ωcm. Coatings deposited in the metallic mode had the lowest hardness of 2.2 GPa and the worst scratch resistance among all sputtered coatings, whereas the best mechanical properties were obtained for the film sputtered in the deep dielectric mode. The obtained hardness of 11.5 GPa is one of the highest reported to date in the literature for undoped ZnO.

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Effect of rapid thermal annealing time on ZnO:F thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering for solar cell applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Thin Film Deposition Technologies and Application in Photovoltaics

Thin Film Deposition Technologies and Application in Photovoltaics

Highly basic and active ZnO–x% K₂O nanocomposite catalysts for the production of methyl ethyl ketone biofuel

Investigation of the Microstructure, Optical, Electrical and Nanomechanical Properties of ZnOx Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

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Effect of rapid thermal annealing time on ZnO:F thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering for solar cell applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Thin Film Deposition Technologies and Application in Photovoltaics

Thin Film Deposition Technologies and Application in Photovoltaics

Highly basic and active ZnO–x% K2O nanocomposite catalysts for the production of methyl ethyl ketone biofuel

Investigation of the Microstructure, Optical, Electrical and Nanomechanical Properties of ZnOx Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

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Product

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Highly basic and active ZnO–x% K₂O nanocomposite catalysts for the production of methyl ethyl ketone biofuel