Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.

Effect of temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

“…The effect of temperature on feed absorption efficiency showed a significant difference (P b 0.05) though the variation of feed absorption efficiency were small within the temperature range of 23-31°C. In contrast, the study on young grass carp by Cui et al (1995) showed that temperature did not affect feed absorption efficiency significantly. The discrepancy probably resulted from interspecific differences, or from the reason that the designed temperature in the experiment of a given species was not beyond its suitable temperature range.…”

Effect of ration and body size on the energy budget of juvenile white sturgeon

“…They were killed with an overdose of MS222, dried, homogenized, and analysed (Cui et al, 1994). Energy content was measured for faeces also.…”

“…An excess of food was fed to the maximum (ad libitum) ration group so that food was always present. Each day, a subsample of worms was weighed, dried and analysed (Cui et al, 1994); they contained 18·9-20·9% dry matter, 59·6-66·2% crude protein, 18·0-18·8% crude lipid, and 22·5-23·2 kJ g 1 energy (protein, lipid and energy were expressed on a dry matter basis). Fish faeces were collected by pipetting twice a day and dried at 70 C. Ammonia and urea contents in each tank were measured at the end of the initial static water period (7 days for the 2·4 and 11·1 g fish and 3 days for the 22·5 g fish) (Cui & Wootton, 1988c).…”

“…Energy budget, specific growth rate (SGR) and conversion efficiency were calculated as described by Cui et al (1994). Energy loss in nitrogenous excretion was calculated from ammonia and urea excretion using the equivalents of 24·8 J mg 1 for ammonia-nitrogen and 23·0 J mg 1 for urea-nitrogen (Elliott, 1976a).…”

“…These fish were weighed and killed with an overdose of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222, Argent Chemical Laboratory Inc., Redmond, WA). They were dried to constant weight at 70 C to determine dry matter content, homogenized and body composition and energy content were determined (Cui et al, 1994).…”