Effect of Respirator Inspiratory Resistance Level on Constant Load Treadmill Work Performance

Johnson, Arthur T.; Scott, William H.; Lausted, Christopher; Benjamin, M. Benhur; Coyne, Karen M.; Sahota, Manjit S.; Johnson, Monique M.

doi:10.1080/00028899908984467

Cited by 37 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…14 Respiratory inspiratory resistance induces hypoventilation with lower minute volumes and lower O 2 consumption values at higher resistances. 15,16 Average O 2 consumption rates and minute ventilation also decrease linearly with increased expiratory resistances, indicating that increases in expiratory resistance result in a considerable level of hypoventilation. 17 Hypoventilation while wearing respirators causes higher amounts of blood lactate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiologic effects and measurement of carbon dioxide and oxygen levels during qualitative respirator fit testing

Laferty¹,

McKay²

2006

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiologic effects and measurement of carbon dioxide and oxygen levels during qualitative respirator fit testing

Laferty¹,

McKay²

2006

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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“…Excessive inhalation resistance causes an increase in heart rate and oxygen consumption, resulting in physiological discomfort, which further influences work performance. Therefore, numerous studies have emphasized human factors and ergonomics by investigating the physiological characteristics of users; [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] however, few studies have investigated the aerodynamic behaviors of gas mask canisters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational fluid dynamics simulations and tests for improving industrial-grade gas mask canisters

2015

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This study proposes an efficient, cost-effective analytical methodology involving computational fluid dynamics for improving the performance of industrial-grade gas mask canisters. Computational fluid dynamics and the quadratic Forchheimer equation, used for calculating high momentum loss, were applied for analyzing the flow fields of six gas mask canisters. Streakline flow visualization and compression tests were conducted to determine the design performance. The results indicated that the designed honeycomb passageway in the canister demonstrated superior aerodynamics and structural loading to the original design. The honeycomb passageway design enhanced the flow rectification and increased the passageway sizes, improving the effective flow-through area and reducing the inhalation resistance. Finally, an improved prototype was produced based on the honeycomb passageway design. Aerosol penetration and hydrogen cyanide breakthrough tests confirmed that the improved prototype achieved a P100-level filter efficiency performance and maintained a 60-min breakthrough time. Without replacing the raw material, the inhalation resistance and absorbency of the improved prototype reduced by 46.48% and 33%, respectively, compared with the original canister.

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“…Similar decrements in JVE at steady-state work rates requiring 80% to 85% of P02 max have also been reported using much smaller inspiratory resistive loads (below 8 cmH 2 0-L-1 S). (19, 47,73,87) Applied ERL under steady-state exercise conditions tend to also reduce VE but again, the magnitude of these reductions is much less than those found for IRL. (21,60,118,136) The changes in JVE during non-steady-state maximal efforts mimic those reported during steady-state work for individually applied inspiratory (36,103,107) and expiratory resistances.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Others found reductions in P"E values on the order of about 15% to 43% under high-intensity constant load work conditions with similar respirator conditions. (59,73) Due to these large decrements in P)E but relatively unchanged or slightly reduced rates of oxygen consumption, both Hermansen et al (59) and Jette et al (70) found that APR wear reduced JIEI'02 compared to the unmasked conditions at high work rates. Jette et al (70) reported a 9% reduction in PE/IJ'02 with an APR compared to the unmasked condition at maximal work.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 14 publications describing ventilation during exercise performance were reviewed, three of which reported individual subject data, while the remaining 11 reported group means. ( 9 ' is, 41,54,55,58,73,78,80,112,115,131,140,149) Of the 409 subjects that took part in these investigations, 68% were males and all were reported to be healthy. The total number of data points derived from the review was 118, representing 60 population means and 58 individual subject responses.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Workplace Breathing Rates: Defining Anticipated Values and Ranges for Respirator Certification Testing

Caretti¹,

Gardner²,

Coyne³

2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information N it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTTest methods currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are designed to assure that respirators meet a minimum level of efficacy when tested under standard laboratory protocols. For air-purifying respirators (APRs), the primary performance tests most affected by airflow rate are filter gas-life capacity, particulate filter efficiency, and respirator breathing resistances. Presently, NIOSH measures all three parameters using constant-rate airflow conditions. An analysis of the measured and estimated minute volumes contained in the literature indicated a range from about 8 to 162 L'min' for unencumbered ventilation and work activities that spanned from mild to exhaustive. The mean minute volume of the distribution was 38.5 ± 16.6 L'min-1, and the median was 33.6 L-minin. Based on an empirical relationship between minute volume and peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak flows between 72 L'min-' and 183 L'min-1 would be expected for the mean minute volume for 38.5 L'min'. The anticipated range of PIF rates for the 9 5 dh percentile minute volume is between 182 L-min-' and 295 L-min-'. The results of this literature review suggest an increase in cyclic flow rates used for respirator certification testing should be considered to better represent ventilation rates found in the workplace. Blank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Test methods currently used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are designed to assure that all respirators of a given type will meet a minimum level of efficacy when tested under standard laboratory protocols. The relevance and adequacy of airflow rates used in respirator certification testing has been a longstanding debate. The concern is that the current test flow rates substantially underestimate real world values, implying that filters certified under existing standards may not provide adequate protection. For qualifying airpurifying respirators (APRs), the primar...

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Effect of Respirator Inspiratory Resistance Level on Constant Load Treadmill Work Performance

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Physiologic effects and measurement of carbon dioxide and oxygen levels during qualitative respirator fit testing

Physiologic effects and measurement of carbon dioxide and oxygen levels during qualitative respirator fit testing

Computational fluid dynamics simulations and tests for improving industrial-grade gas mask canisters

Workplace Breathing Rates: Defining Anticipated Values and Ranges for Respirator Certification Testing

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