Effect of Restraint Stress on the Progression of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

Abstract

The results of the present study suggest that the restraint stress modulates the progression of periodontal inflammation and that this rat model is suitable for investigating the association between stress and periodontal disease.

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible

“…The tissue repair rate is influenced by determinants such as chronic stress and acute stress 8 . The influence of highintensity, chronic stress such as that induced in this study 17 worsens the healing of still immature tissue, as was the case after the experimental period of 18 days found in this study.…”

“…The deleterious effects of chronic stress during the early stages of tissue repair are well known 8 . Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the process at two stages of osseointegration, one at 18 days, halfway through the cycle of alveolar bone formation in rats 9 , and the other at 33 days, in newly formed bone 10 .…”

Chronic stress associated to contraceptives use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats

“…In this sense, our results are consistent with findings from Kudielka, Kirschbaum 17 , who showed that hormones are able to conduce changes in the pathophysiology of cell ultrastructure definition, in many cases, in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1 and TNF in periodontal tissues 16 . Several studies have shown that pathways involving the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis are related to periodontitis 6,15,19 . In this study, we attempted to combine the effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which is strongly related to reproductive functions, with other organic response 17 .…”

“…Evidence suggests that stress is associated with an increased severity of periodontal disease 25 . In fact, prolonged chronic stress produces worse tissue indicators throughout the animal body 6 .…”

“…It is believed that the mechanism that leads to the progression of periodontitis is associated with stress-induced changes and stimuli of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which affects and modifies the body's defense system. As a result, greater amounts of cortisol and adrenaline are generated, altering the pattern of the immune response in the periodontium and therefore contributing to the progression of periodontal disease 5,6 . Current research indicates a link between male and female hormones and reduced disease progression or some protective effect, especially in the cardiorespiratory system 7 .…”