“…A non-contacting magnetic field sensor is used to detect the variations of magnetic field, which is proportional to the stress level within the magnetized region. This has been validated in a laboratory experiment but needs to be developed further to produce a cost-effective, accurate and reliable non-contacting torque transducer [4,5]. In this study, an alternative sensing technology using another advanced functional material, mechanoluminescent (in short, ML) paint, is first proposed for automotive torque transducers.…”