Effect of rotation breaks and organic matter amendments on the capacity of soils to develop biological suppression towards soil organisms associated with yield decline of sugarcane

Pankhurst, C. E.; Blair, B. L.; Magarey, R. C.; Stirling, G. R.; Bell, Michael J.; Garside, A. L.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.07.010

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…On the other hand, soybean residues decomposed slower leading to a delayed N release in accordance with their lower quality attributes as also suggested by Pankhurst et al (2005). There was even a temporal increase in N concentration in soybean residue during decomposition indicating initial immobilization of N by the decomposer community.…”

Section: Residual Effects Of Previous-crop Systemssupporting

confidence: 58%

Sugarcane residue management and grain legume crop effects on N dynamics, N losses and growth of sugarcane

Hemwong

Toomsan

Cadisch

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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To reduce greenhouse gas emissions farmers are being encouraged not to burn sugarcane residues. An experiment was set up in NE Thailand, where sugarcane residues of the last ratoon crop were either burned, surface mulched or incorporated and subsequently the field left fallow or planted to groundnut or soybean. The objectives of the current experiment were to evaluate the residual effects of these treatments during the following new sugarcane crop on (i) microbial and mineral N dynamics, (ii) performance of sugarcane and (iii) effectiveness of recycled legume residues compared to mineral N fertilizer on N use efficiencies, 15 N recovery in the system and in soil particle size and density fractions (using 15 N labelled legume residues and fertilizer). The millable cane and sugar yield were positively affected by sugarcane residue mulching and incorporation compared to burning suggesting microbial remobilization of previously immobilized N. Residual effects of legumes increased sugarcane tillering and yield (127 and 116 Mg ha -1 for groundnut and soybean, respectively) compared to the fallow treatment without N fertilizer (112 Mg ha -1 ). Soybean residues of higher C:N ratio (33:1) and lignin content (13%) compared to groundnut residues (21:1 C:N, 5% lignin) decomposed slower and improved N synchrony with cane N demand. This led to a better conservation of residue N in the system with proportionally less 15 N losses (15-17%) compared to the large losses from groundnut residues (50-57%) or from mineral N fertilizer (50-63%). 15 N recoveries in soil were larger from residues (41-80%) than from fertilizer (30%) at final harvest. Recycled legume residues were able to substitute basal fertilizer N application but not topdressing after 6 months.

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Section: Residual Effects Of Previous-crop Systemssupporting

confidence: 58%

Sugarcane residue management and grain legume crop effects on N dynamics, N losses and growth of sugarcane

Hemwong

Toomsan

Cadisch

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…Microbial activity in cropped soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 µg fluorescein/g soil.min, whereas soil below the 0-0.05 m layer often had fewer than 5 free-living nematodes/g soil (Tables 2, 3, and 5). In both cases, these values are many orders of magnitude lower than values obtained for soils under other land uses in northern Australia (Stirling et al 2001;Pankhurst et al 2005;Stirling and Lodge 2005). It is therefore not surprising that our results showed that changes in management (e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia

Bell¹,

Seymour²,

Stirling³

et al. 2006

Soil Res.

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Abstract. The grain-producing regions of northern New South Wales and southern and central Queensland are characterised by cropping systems that are strongly dependent on stored soil moisture rather than in-crop rainfall, and tillage systems that are increasingly reliant on zero or minimum tillage. Crops are grown relatively infrequently and crop rotations are dominated by winter and summer grains (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench], respectively), with smaller areas of grain legumes and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The grey, black, and brown Vertosols represent the more productive soils in the region under rainfed cropping, and are the focus of work reported in this study.Soil samples were collected from surface soils (0-0.30 m) across the region, utilising sites of long term tillage and residue management studies, fertiliser trials, and commercial fields to enable an assessment of the impact of various management practices on soil biological properties. A number of biological and biochemical parameters were measured (microbial biomass C, total organic C and labile C fractions, total C and N, microbial activity using FDA, cellulase activity, free living nematodes, total DNA and fatty acid profiles), and the response of wheat, sorghum, and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to steam pasteurisation was assessed in glasshouse bioassays. The objective was to obtain an indication of the biological status of grain-growing soils and assess the impact of biological constraints in soils from different regions and management systems.Results showed that biological activity in cropped soils was consistently low relative to other land uses in northern Australia, with management practices like stubble retention and adoption of zero tillage producing relatively small benefits. In the case of zero tillage, many of these benefits were confined to the top 0.05 m of the soil profile. Fallowing to recharge soil moisture reserves significantly reduced all soil biological parameters, while pasture leys produced consistent positive benefits. Breaking a long fallow with a short duration grain or brown manure crop significantly moderated the negative effects of a long bare fallow on soil biology. Use of inorganic N and P fertilisers produced minimal effects on soil biota, with the exception of one component of the free-living nematode community (the Dorylaimida).The glasshouse bioassays provided consistent evidence that soil biota were constraining growth of both grain crops (sorghum and wheat) but not the grain legume (chickpea). The biota associated with this constraint have not yet been identified, but effects were consistent across the region and were not associated with the presence of any known pathogen or correlated with any of the measured soil biological or biochemical properties. Further work to confirm the existence and significance of these constraints under field conditions is needed.None of the measured biological or biochemical parameters consistently changed in response to management prac...

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“…Other researchers reported increases in FDA hydrolysis as a result of organic amendments (e.g. Pfotzer and Schüler, 1995;Pankhurst et al, 2005). However, most of these studies compared the effects of mineral fertilisation in one treatment with organic amendments in the other treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of past and current crop management on soil microbial biomass and activity

et al. 2006

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As soil biota is influenced by a number of factors, including land use and management techniques, changing management practices could have significant effects on the soil microbial properties and processes. An experiment was conducted to investigate differences in soil microbiological properties caused by long-and short-term management practices. Intact monolith lysimeters (0.2 m 2 surface area) were taken from two sites of the same soil type that had been under long-term organic or conventional crop management and were then subjected to the same 2½-year crop rotation (winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mais L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera)) and two fertiliser regimes (following common organic and conventional practices). Soil samples were taken after crop harvest and analysed for microbial biomass C and N, microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, arginine deaminase activity, dehydrogenase activity) and total C and N. The incorporation of the green manure stimulated growth and activity of the microbial communities in soils of both management histories. Soil microbial properties did not show any differences between organically and conventionally fertilised soils, indicating that crop rotation and plant type had a larger influence on the microbial biomass and enzyme activities than fertilisation. Initial differences in microbial biomass declined, while the effects of farm management history were still evident in enzyme activities and total C and N. Links between enzyme activities and microbial biomass C varied depending on treatment indicating differences in microbial community composition.

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Effect of rotation breaks and organic matter amendments on the capacity of soils to develop biological suppression towards soil organisms associated with yield decline of sugarcane

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Sugarcane residue management and grain legume crop effects on N dynamics, N losses and growth of sugarcane

Sugarcane residue management and grain legume crop effects on N dynamics, N losses and growth of sugarcane

Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia

Effects of past and current crop management on soil microbial biomass and activity

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