Effect of Ru/Cl ratio on the reaction of acetylene hydrochlorination

Abstract

Regulation of the Ru/Cl ratio could increase the amount of ruthenium oxides, improve the dispersion of Ru species on the carrier and enhance the adsorption ability of the reactants, consequently improving the catalytic performance.

Synthesis of Vinyl Chloride Monomer over Carbon-Supported Tris-(Triphenylphosphine) Ruthenium Dichloride Catalysts

“…Notably, the weakly bound species exhibits a lower desorption activation energy and will then undergo the desorption at lower temperatures. Therefore, the shift from the higher desorption temperature of C 2 H 2 to lower one may ascribe to the interaction between the hetero-atomic ruthenium organic complex and modified functional groups on the support, resulting in different C 2 H 2 chemisorption strengths [34]. The weakly bound acetylene is also beneficial for the reaction to inhibit the coking deposition on the catalysts.…”

“…Since the Ru3d signal is overlapped with that of Cls, Ru 3p 3/2 spectra of the catalysts are recorded and deconvoluted ( Figure S8). In contact with the air, ruthenium species can't stably exist in a single form, but in many forms [34]. Therefore, as mentioned in our previous work, the Ru 3p signal in the Ru/AC catalyst can be deconvoluted into four species, corresponding to metallic Ru 0 , RuCl 3 , RuO 2 and RuO x at 461.7, 463.4, 464.6 and 466.1 eV, and the relative content of them is 14.0%, 49.6%, 19.0% and 17.4%, respectively (Table 3) [35][36][37].…”

Carbon nanotubes supported N-promoted Pd-based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

“…In the last decades, precious metals-based (Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, etc) catalysts were considered as the most potential metal catalyst applied for acetylene hydrochlorination [4][5][6][7] . However, the activities and stabilities of the precious metals-based catalysts were decreased rapidly for the carbon deposition, the changes of metal phase (including reduction, sintering and loss of metals) and other reasons, largely limiting their application for industrial acetylene hydrochlorination [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] .…”

“…In the last decades, precious metals-based (Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, etc) catalysts were considered as the most potential metal catalyst applied for acetylene hydrochlorination [4][5][6][7] . However, the activities and stabilities of the precious metals-based catalysts were decreased rapidly for the carbon deposition, the changes of metal phase (including reduction, sintering and loss of metals) and other reasons, largely limiting their application for industrial acetylene hydrochlorination [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . So it remains attractive to research the modification strategies for improving the catalytic performance of precious metals-based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination, such as other meatal modification (K, Cu, La, Ce, Bi, etc) [8][9][10][11][12] , heteroatom modification (N, P, S, B, etc) of support [13][14][15][16] , ionic liquid modification [17][18] , preparation method exploration [6,8,[15][16][19][20] .…”

Hydrochlorination of Acetylene Over the Activated‐Carbon‐Supported Au Catalysts Modified by N−P−O‐Containing Ligand

“…[19,20] Due to the relatively lower activity and shorter lifetime of non-metallic catalysts, some distance remains from industrialization. As for metal catalysts, a series of metal chlorides, including Pt 4 + , [8,[21][22][23] Pd 2 + , [21,[24][25][26][27] Ru 2 + , [12,[28][29][30][31][32] Cu 2 + , [33,34] Sn 2 + , [35] have been explored as potential Hg-free catalysts, but Au-based catalysts possessing a higher standard reduction potential are considered as the most promising replacement. [4,[36][37][38][39] The coking deposition and the agglomeration or the reduction of active species are the main reasons for the deactivation of Au-based catalyst, which have been briefly introduced in the previous literatures.…”